References
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Genomic organization of the gene encoding the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B
multiple variants of the p65 protein may be generated by alternative splicing.Deloukas P., van Loon A.P.G.M.Hum. Mol. Genet. 2:1895-1900(1993)
An alternatively spliced transcript, p65 delta 2, of the gene encoding the p65 subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B.Lyle R., Valleley E.M., Sharpe P.T., Hewitt J.E.Gene 138:265-266(1994)
SeattleSNPs variation discovery resourceFunctional characterization of the NF-kappa B p65 transcriptional activator and an alternatively spliced derivative.Ruben S.M., Narayanan R., Klement J.F., Chen C.-H., Rosen C.A.Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:444-454(1992)
A novel complex between the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B and c-Rel binds to a DNA element involved in the phorbol ester induction of the human urokinase gene.Hansen S.K., Nerlov C., Zabel U., Verde P., Johnsen M., Baeuerle P.A., Blasi F.EMBO J. 11:205-213(1992)
I kappa B/MAD-3 masks the nuclear localization signal of NF-kappa B p65 and requires the transactivation domain to inhibit NF-kappa B p65 DNA binding.Ganchi P.A., Sun S.C., Greene W.C., Ballard D.W.Mol. Biol. Cell 3:1339-1352(1992)
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A new member of the IkappaB protein family, IkappaB epsilon, inhibits RelA (p65)
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IKAP is a scaffold protein of the IkappaB kinase complex.Cohen L., Henzel W.J., Baeuerle P.A.Nature 395:292-296(1998)
IkappaB kinases phosphorylate NF-kappaB p65 subunit on serine 536 in the transactivation domain.Sakurai H., Chiba H., Miyoshi H., Sugita T., Toriumi W.J. Biol. Chem. 274:30353-30356(1999)
NF-kappaB subunit p65 binds to 53BP2 and inhibits cell death induced by 53BP2.Yang J.-P., Hori M., Takahashi N., Kawabe T., Kato H., Okamoto T.Oncogene 18:5177-5186(1999)
Yersinia enterocolitica invasin protein triggers IL-8 production in epithelial cells via activation of Rel p65-p65 homodimers.Schulte R., Grassl G.A., Preger S., Fessele S., Jacobi C.A., Schaller M., Nelson P.J., Autenrieth I.B.FASEB J. 14:1471-1484(2000)
Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated transcription by association with the amino-terminal enhancer of split, a Groucho-related protein lacking WD40 repeats.Tetsuka T., Uranishi H., Imai H., Ono T., Sonta S., Takahashi N., Asamitsu K., Okamoto T.J. Biol. Chem. 275:4383-4390(2000)
Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on Ser529 is controlled by casein kinase II.Wang D., Westerheide S.D., Hanson J.L., Baldwin A.S. Jr.J. Biol. Chem. 275:32592-32597(2000)
The tumor suppressor protein menin interacts with NF-kappaB proteins and inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated transactivation.Heppner C., Bilimoria K.Y., Agarwal S.K., Kester M., Whitty L.J., Guru S.C., Chandrasekharappa S.C., Collins F.S., Spiegel A.M., Marx S.J., Burns A.L.Oncogene 20:4917-4925(2001)
Duration of nuclear NF-kappaB action regulated by reversible acetylation.Chen L.F., Fischle W., Verdin E., Greene W.C.Science 293:1653-1657(2001)
A novel protein overexpressed in hepatoma accelerates export of NF-kappa B from the nucleus and inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis.Higashitsuji H., Higashitsuji H., Nagao T., Nonoguchi K., Fujii S., Itoh K., Fujita J.Cancer Cell 2:335-346(2002)
Acetylation of RelA at discrete sites regulates distinct nuclear functions of NF-kappaB.Chen L.F., Mu Y., Greene W.C.EMBO J. 21:6539-6548(2002)
The phosphorylation status of nuclear NF-kappa B determines its association with CBP/p300 or HDAC-1.Zhong H., May M.J., Jimi E., Ghosh S.Mol. Cell 9:625-636(2002)
Transcriptional activation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit by mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1)
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Post-activation turn-off of NF-kappa B-dependent transcription is regulated by acetylation of p65.Kiernan R., Bres V., Ng R.W., Coudart M.-P., El Messaoudi S., Sardet C., Jin D.-Y., Emiliani S., Benkirane M.J. Biol. Chem. 278:2758-2766(2003)
RING finger protein AO7 supports NF-kappaB-mediated transcription by interacting with the transactivation domain of the p65 subunit.Asamitsu K., Tetsuka T., Kanazawa S., Okamoto T.J. Biol. Chem. 278:26879-26887(2003)
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta regulates NF-kappa B1/p105 stability.Demarchi F., Bertoli C., Sandy P., Schneider C.J. Biol. Chem. 278:39583-39590(2003)
Regulation of NF-kappaB signaling by Pin1-dependent prolyl isomerization and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of p65/RelA.Ryo A., Suizu F., Yoshida Y., Perrem K., Liou Y.C., Wulf G., Rottapel R., Yamaoka S., Lu K.P.Mol. Cell 12:1413-1426(2003)
Identification of a ZU5 and death domain-containing inhibitor of NF-kappaB.Zhang J., Xu L.-G., Han K.-J., Shu H.-B.J. Biol. Chem. 279:17819-17825(2004)
Suppression of MEK/ERK signaling pathway enhances cisplatin-induced NF-kappaB activation by protein phosphatase 4-mediated NF-kappaB p65 Thr dephosphorylation.Yeh P.Y., Yeh K.H., Chuang S.E., Song Y.C., Cheng A.L.J. Biol. Chem. 279:26143-26148(2004)
Degradation of promoter-bound p65/RelA is essential for the prompt termination of the nuclear factor kappaB response.Saccani S., Marazzi I., Beg A.A., Natoli G.J. Exp. Med. 200:107-113(2004)
Identification of beta-arrestin2 as a G protein-coupled receptor-stimulated regulator of NF-kappaB pathways.Gao H., Sun Y., Wu Y., Luan B., Wang Y., Qu B., Pei G.Mol. Cell 14:303-317(2004)
The candidate tumour suppressor protein ING4 regulates brain tumour growth and angiogenesis.Garkavtsev I., Kozin S.V., Chernova O., Xu L., Winkler F., Brown E., Barnett G.H., Jain R.K.Nature 428:328-332(2004)
Regulation of NF-kappaB and p53 through activation of ATR and Chk1 by the ARF tumour suppressor.Rocha S., Garrett M.D., Campbell K.J., Schumm K., Perkins N.D.EMBO J. 24:1157-1169(2005)
IKKbeta phosphorylates p65 at S468 in transactivation domain 2.Schwabe R.F., Sakurai H.FASEB J. 19:1758-1760(2005)
cis-acting, element-specific transcriptional activity of differentially phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B.Anrather J., Racchumi G., Iadecola C.J. Biol. Chem. 280:244-252(2005)
COMMD proteins, a novel family of structural and functional homologs of MURR1.Burstein E., Hoberg J.E., Wilkinson A.S., Rumble J.M., Csomos R.A., Komarck C.M., Maine G.N., Wilkinson J.C., Mayo M.W., Duckett C.S.J. Biol. Chem. 280:22222-22232(2005)
NF-kappaB RelA phosphorylation regulates RelA acetylation.Chen L.F., Williams S.A., Mu Y., Nakano H., Duerr J.M., Buckbinder L., Greene W.C.Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:7966-7975(2005)
Foxp3 interacts with nuclear factor of activated T cells and NF-kappa B to repress cytokine gene expression and effector functions of T helper cells.Bettelli E., Dastrange M., Oukka M.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:5138-5143(2005)
Respiratory syncytial virus M2-1 protein induces the activation of nuclear factor kappa B.Reimers K., Buchholz K., Werchau H.Virology 331:260-268(2005)
Activation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway by astrocyte elevated gene-1
implications for tumor progression and metastasis.Emdad L., Sarkar D., Su Z.-Z., Randolph A., Boukerche H., Valerie K., Fisher P.B.Cancer Res. 66:1509-1516(2006)
Human ubiquitin specific protease 31 is a deubiquitinating enzyme implicated in activation of nuclear factor-kappaB.Tzimas C., Michailidou G., Arsenakis M., Kieff E., Mosialos G., Hatzivassiliou E.G.Cell. Signal. 18:83-92(2006)
Inducible phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p65 at serine 468 by T cell costimulation is mediated by IKK epsilon.Mattioli I., Geng H., Sebald A., Hodel M., Bucher C., Kracht M., Schmitz M.L.J. Biol. Chem. 281:6175-6183(2006)
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 functions as a corepressor by enhancing histone deacetylase 1-mediated deacetylation of RelA/p65 and promoting apoptosis.Liu Y., Smith P.W., Jones D.R.Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:8683-8696(2006)
Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase-1 enhances nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated gene transcription through methylation of histone H3 at arginine 17.Miao F., Li S., Chavez V., Lanting L., Natarajan R.Mol. Endocrinol. 20:1562-1573(2006)
IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 is critical for latent membrane protein 1-induced p65/RelA serine 536 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation.Song Y.J., Jen K.Y., Soni V., Kieff E., Cahir-McFarland E.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:2689-2694(2006)
Nine-amino-acid transactivation domain
establishment and prediction utilities.Piskacek S., Gregor M., Nemethova M., Grabner M., Kovarik P., Piskacek M.Genomics 89:756-768(2007)
UXT is a novel and essential cofactor in the NF-kappaB transcriptional enhanceosome.Sun S., Tang Y., Lou X., Zhu L., Yang K., Zhang B., Shi H., Wang C.J. Cell Biol. 178:231-244(2007)
The familial Mediterranean fever protein, pyrin, is cleaved by caspase-1 and activates NF-kappaB through its N-terminal fragment.Chae J.J., Wood G., Richard K., Jaffe H., Colburn N.T., Masters S.L., Gumucio D.L., Shoham N.G., Kastner D.L.Blood 112:1794-1803(2008)
Functional characterization of the atopy-associated gene PHF11.Clarke E., Rahman N., Page N., Rolph M.S., Stewart G.J., Jones G.J.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 121:1148-1154(2008)
AKIP1 enhances NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression by promoting the nuclear retention and phosphorylation of p65.Gao N., Asamitsu K., Hibi Y., Ueno T., Okamoto T.J. Biol. Chem. 283:7834-7843(2008)
The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX1 interacts with RelA and enhances nuclear factor kappaB-mediated transcription.Ishaq M., Ma L., Wu X., Mu Y., Pan J., Hu J., Hu T., Fu Q., Guo D.J. Cell. Biochem. 106:296-305(2009)
Brd4 coactivates transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB via specific binding to acetylated RelA.Huang B., Yang X.D., Zhou M.M., Ozato K., Chen L.F.Mol. Cell. Biol. 29:1375-1387(2009)
Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.C., Olsen J.V., Mann M.Science 325:834-840(2009)
A novel LZAP-binding protein, NLBP, inhibits cell invasion.Kwon J., Cho H.J., Han S.H., No J.G., Kwon J.Y., Kim H.J. Biol. Chem. 285:12232-12240(2010)
SIRT2 regulates NF-kappaB dependent gene expression through deacetylation of p65 Lys310.Rothgiesser K.M., Erener S., Waibel S., Luscher B., Hottiger M.O.J. Cell Sci. 123:4251-4258(2010)
Zinc finger protein Gfi1 controls the endotoxin-mediated Toll-like receptor inflammatory response by antagonizing NF-kappaB p65.Sharif-Askari E., Vassen L., Kosan C., Khandanpour C., Gaudreau M.C., Heyd F., Okayama T., Jin J., Rojas M.E., Grimes H.L., Zeng H., Moroy T.Mol. Cell. Biol. 30:3929-3942(2010)
Initial characterization of the human central proteome.Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011)
NF-kappaB repression by PIAS3 mediated RelA SUMOylation.Liu Y., Bridges R., Wortham A., Kulesz-Martin M.PLoS ONE 7:E37636-E37636(2012)
N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.Van Damme P., Lasa M., Polevoda B., Gazquez C., Elosegui-Artola A., Kim D.S., De Juan-Pardo E., Demeyer K., Hole K., Larrea E., Timmerman E., Prieto J., Arnesen T., Sherman F., Gevaert K., Aldabe R.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012)
C11orf95-RELA fusions drive oncogenic NF-kappaB signalling in ependymoma.Parker M., Mohankumar K.M., Punchihewa C., Weinlich R., Dalton J.D., Li Y., Lee R., Tatevossian R.G., Phoenix T.N., Thiruvenkatam R., White E., Tang B., Orisme W., Gupta K., Rusch M., Chen X., Li Y., Nagahawhatte P. , Hedlund E., Finkelstein D., Wu G., Shurtleff S., Easton J., Boggs K., Yergeau D., Vadodaria B., Mulder H.L., Becksfort J., Becksford J., Gupta P., Huether R., Ma J., Song G., Gajjar A., Merchant T., Boop F., Smith A.A., Ding L., Lu C., Ochoa K., Zhao D., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.L., Mardis E.R., Wilson R.K., Downing J.R., Green D.R., Zhang J., Ellison D.W., Gilbertson R.J.Nature 506:451-455(2014)
Structure of an IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB complex.Jacobs M.D., Harrison S.C.Cell 95:749-758(1998)
+Additional computationally mapped references.<p>Provides general information on the entry.