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Phospho Antibodies

Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.


Viewing 1-50 of 266 product results


JAK2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28932)

Full Name
JAK2 (phospho Tyr1007) Polyclonal Antibody
Gene Names
JAK2; JTK10; THCYT3
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC-P
Pricing

mTOR, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28936)

Full Name
mTOR (phospho Ser2448) Polyclonal Antibody
Gene Names
MTOR; FRAP; FRAP1; FRAP2; RAFT1; RAPT1
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC-P, IF
Pricing

c-Jun, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA29776)

Full Name
c-Jun (Phospho-S63) Antibody
Gene Names
JUN; AP1; AP-1; c-Jun
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, ICC, IHC
Purity
ProA affinity purified
Pricing

PRC1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31449)

Full Name
Phospho-PRC1 (Thr470) Antibody
Gene Names
PRC1; ASE1
Reactivity
Human, Mouse
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Horse (89%), Sheep (89%)
Applications
WB, IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

MAX, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31386)

Full Name
Phospho-MAX (Ser11) Antibody
Gene Names
MAX; bHLHd4
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Zebrafish (83%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Rabbit (100%), Dog (100%), Chicken (100%), Xenopus (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

DUSP1/MKP1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31363)

Full Name
Phospho-DUSP1/MKP1 (Ser359) Antibody
Gene Names
DUSP1; HVH1; MKP1; CL100; MKP-1; PTPN10
Reactivity
Human, Mouse
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Zebrafish (92%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%), Dog (100%), Chicken (100%), Xenopus (92%)
Applications
WB, IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

HSL, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31384)

Full Name
Phospho-HSL (Ser660) Antibody
Gene Names
LIPE; HSL; LHS
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (88%), Horse (89%), Dog (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

AKT1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31364)

Full Name
Phospho-AKT1 (Ser124) Antibody
Gene Names
AKT1; AKT; PKB; RAC; CWS6; PRKBA; PKB-ALPHA; RAC-ALPHA
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (91%), Bovine (82%), Horse (100%), Dog (100%), Chicken (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

RBL2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31451)

Full Name
Phospho-RBL2 (Thr642) Antibody
Gene Names
RBL2; Rb2; P130
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (100%), Horse (89%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (89%), Dog (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

KAP-1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA23773)

Full Name
Rabbit anti-Phospho KAP-1 (S824) Antibody, Affinity Purified
Gene Names
TRIM28; KAP1; TF1B; RNF96; TIF1B; PPP1R157
Reactivity
Human, Mouse
Applications
WB, IP, IHC, ICC, ICC-IF
Purity
Antigen Affinity Purified
Pricing

GSK3 beta, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31297)

Full Name
Phospho-GSK3 beta (Thr390) Antibody
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

Bub1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31312)

Full Name
Phospho-Bub1 (Ser459) Antibody
Gene Names
BUB1; BUB1A; BUB1L; hBUB1
Reactivity
Human, Rat
Applications
IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

ERK 1/2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28958)

Full Name
ERK 1/2 (phospho Thr202/Y204) Polyclonal Antibody
Gene Names
MAPK3; ERK1; ERT2; ERK-1; PRKM3; P44ERK1; P44MAPK; HS44KDAP; HUMKER1A; p44-ERK1; p44-MAPK
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC-P, IF
Pricing

STAT3 (pY705), Antibody (Cat# AAA14088)

Full Name
Rabbit anti Phospho- STAT3 (pTyr 705)
Gene Names
STAT3; APRF; HIES; FLJ20882; MGC16063
Reactivity
Human, Rat, Mouse, Canine, Bovine, Chicken
Applications
ELISA, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
The Rabbit IgG is purified by site-modified Epitope Affinity Purification.
Pricing

Akt, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA30742)

Full Name
Akt (Phospho-Thr308) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody
Gene Names
AKT1; AKT; PKB; RAC; CWS6; PRKBA; PKB-ALPHA; RAC-ALPHA
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
IF, ICC, WB, IHC-P, EIA
Purity
The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.
Pricing

ATF-4, Antibody (Cat# AAA17966)

Full Name
ATF-4 (Phospho-Ser219) Antibody
Gene Names
ATF4; CREB2; TXREB; CREB-2; TAXREB67
Reactivity
Human, Mouse
Applications
WB, EIA
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
Pricing

GSK3 beta, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA29773)

Full Name
GSK3 beta (Phospho-Ser 9) Antibody
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, ICC, IF, IHC, FC/FACS
Purity
ProA affinity purified
Pricing

IkappaBalpha-S36, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28614)

Full Name
Phospho-IkappaBalpha-S36 Rabbit mAb
Reactivity
Human
Applications
WB, IHC-P, EIA
Purity
Affinity purification
Pricing

Nucleophosmin, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31463)

Full Name
Phospho-Nucleophosmin (Thr237) Antibody
Gene Names
NPM1; B23; NPM
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (89%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%), Dog (100%), Chicken (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

MAP3K3, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31283)

Full Name
Phospho-MAP3K3 (Ser166) Antibody
Gene Names
MAP3K3; MEKK3; MAPKKK3
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

eNOS, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA29721)

Full Name
eNOS (Phospho-Ser1177) Antibody
Gene Names
NOS3; eNOS; ECNOS
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC, IF
Pricing

Phospho-CDC25A (S124), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28653)

Full Name
Phospho-CDC25A (S124) Antibody
Gene Names
CDC25A; CDC25A2
Reactivity
Human (Predicted Reactivity: Rat)
Applications
WB, EIA, IHC
Purity
Peptide Affinity Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)
Pricing

c-Abl, Antibody (Cat# AAA27919)

Full Name
Phospho-c-Abl (Tyr245) Antibody
Gene Names
ABL1; ABL; JTK7; p150; c-ABL; v-abl; CHDSKM; c-ABL1; bcr/abl
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IF, ICC
Purity
Immunogen affinity purified
Pricing

KSR2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31343)

Full Name
Phospho-KSR2 (Thr497) Antibody
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Zebrafish (100%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%), Chicken (91%), Xenopus (91%)
Applications
WB, IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

Smad2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31390)

Full Name
Phospho-Smad2 (Ser255) Antibody
Gene Names
SMAD2; JV18; MADH2; MADR2; JV18-1; hMAD-2; hSMAD2
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Zebrafish (89%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%), Dog (100%), Xenopus (89%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

IRF7, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31458)

Full Name
Phospho-IRF7 (Ser477) Antibody
Gene Names
IRF7; IRF7A; IRF7B; IRF7C; IRF7H; IRF-7H
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

Caveolin 2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31397)

Full Name
Phospho-Caveolin 2 (Ser36) Antibody
Gene Names
CAV2; CAV
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

ERK 1/2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28926)

Full Name
ERK 1/2 (phospho Tyr204) Polyclonal Antibody
Gene Names
MAPK3; ERK1; ERT2; ERK-1; PRKM3; P44ERK1; P44MAPK; HS44KDAP; HUMKER1A; p44-ERK1; p44-MAPK
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC-P, IF
Pricing

HSF1, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA29774)

Full Name
HSF1 (Phospho-S326) Antibody
Gene Names
HSF1; HSTF1
Reactivity
Human, Rat
Applications
WB, ICC, IF, IHC, IP, FC/FACS
Purity
ProA affinity purified
Pricing

HSF1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31391)

Full Name
Phospho-HSF1 (Ser307) Antibody
Gene Names
HSF1; HSTF1
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

alpha Synuclein, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA29788)

Full Name
alpha Synuclein (Phospho-S129) Antibody
Gene Names
SNCA; PD1; NACP; PARK1; PARK4
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, ICC, IF, IHC, FC/FACS
Purity
ProA affinity purified
Pricing

KIF1C, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31396)

Full Name
Phospho-KIF1C (Ser1092) Antibody
Gene Names
KIF1C; SAX2; LTXS1; SATX2; SPAX2; SPG58
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%), Dog (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

EPRS, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31307)

Full Name
Phospho-EPRS (Ser886) Antibody
Gene Names
EPRS; EARS; PARS; QARS; QPRS; PIG32; GLUPRORS
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

PKC theta, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31410)

Full Name
Phospho-PKC theta (Tyr90) Antibody
Gene Names
PRKCQ; PRKCT; nPKC-theta
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (91%), Dog (91%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

Tau, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28943)

Full Name
Tau (phospho Ser396) Polyclonal Antibody
Gene Names
MAPT; TAU; MSTD; PPND; DDPAC; MAPTL; MTBT1; MTBT2; FTDP-17
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC-P, IF
Pricing

ENO3, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA24080)

Full Name
ENO3 (Enolase 3, 2-phospho-D-glycerate Hydro-lyase, beta-Enolase, Muscle-specific Enolase, MSE, Skeletal Muscle Enolase)
Gene Names
ENO3; MSE; GSD13
Reactivity
Human
Applications
EL/EIA, WB, IHC, IF
Purity
Affinity Purified
Purified by Protein A affinity chromatography.
Pricing

ARRB1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31314)

Full Name
Phospho-ARRB1 (Ser412) Antibody
Gene Names
ARRB1; ARB1; ARR1
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

Calsenilin/KCNIP3, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31279)

Full Name
Phospho-Calsenilin/KCNIP3 (Ser63) Antibody
Gene Names
KCNIP3; CSEN; DREAM; KCHIP3
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

p70 S6 Kinase, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31408)

Full Name
Phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Ser427) Antibody
Gene Names
RPS6KB1; S6K; PS6K; S6K1; STK14A; p70-S6K; p70 S6KA; p70-alpha; S6K-beta-1; p70(S6K)-alpha
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%), Dog (100%), Chicken (100%), Xenopus (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

Phospho-Histone H3-S10/T11, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28391)

Full Name
Phospho-Histone H3-S10/T11 Rabbit pAb
Gene Names
HIST1H3A; H3/A; H3FA
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Other (Wide Range)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF
Purity
Affinity purification
Pricing

Smad2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31433)

Full Name
Phospho-Smad2 (Ser465+Ser467) Antibody
Gene Names
SMAD2; JV18; MADH2; MADR2; JV18-1; hMAD-2; hSMAD2
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Zebrafish (100%), Bovine (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%), Dog (100%), Xenopus (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

FOXO4, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31400)

Full Name
Phospho-FOXO4 (Thr455) Antibody
Gene Names
FOXO4; AFX; AFX1; MLLT7
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Bovine (91%), Horse (83%), Sheep (91%), Dog (91%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

EGFR, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31399)

Full Name
Phospho-EGFR (Tyr998) Antibody
Gene Names
EGFR; ERBB; HER1; mENA; ERBB1; PIG61
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (100%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

PKC theta, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31290)

Full Name
Phospho-PKC theta (Ser695) Antibody
Gene Names
PRKCQ; PRKCT; nPKC-theta
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

FGFR2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31452)

Full Name
Phospho-FGFR2 (Ser782) Antibody
Gene Names
FGFR2; BEK; JWS; BBDS; CEK3; CFD1; ECT1; KGFR; TK14; TK25; BFR-1; CD332; K-SAM
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Zebrafish (88%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Rabbit (83%), Dog (100%), Chicken (100%), Xenopus (88%)
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

POLR2A, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA29786)

Full Name
POLR2A (Phospho-S2) Antibody
Gene Names
POLR2A; RPB1; RPO2; POLR2; POLRA; RPBh1; RPOL2; RpIILS; hsRPB1; hRPB220
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IP, ICC, IF, IHC, FC/FACS
Purity
ProA affinity purified
Pricing

YAP, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31298)

Full Name
Phospho-YAP (Ser941) Antibody
Gene Names
YAP1; YAP; YKI; YAP2; YAP65
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications
IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

E-cadherin, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31444)

Full Name
Phospho-E-cadherin (Ser844) Antibody
Gene Names
CDH1; UVO; CDHE; ECAD; LCAM; Arc-1; CD324
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Bovine (91%), Horse (91%), Sheep (100%), Rabbit (100%), Dog (100%), Chicken (83%), Xenopus (100%)
Applications
WB, IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

BRCA1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31415)

Full Name
Phospho-BRCA1 (Ser1497) Antibody
Gene Names
BRCA1; IRIS; PSCP; BRCAI; BRCC1; PNCA4; RNF53; BROVCA1; PPP1R53
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Predicted Reactivity: Bovine (80%), Dog (80%)
Applications
WB, IHC, EIA
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing

ICAM-1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA30979)

Full Name
Phospho-ICAM-1 (Tyr512) Antibody
Gene Names
ICAM1; BB2; CD54; P3.58
Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Monkey
Applications
WB, IHC, IF, ICC, EIA
Purity
Peptide affinity purification
Pricing

What Are Phospho Antibodies?


Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.


Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.


What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?


1. Western Blotting


One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.


2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)


Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.


3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides


In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:


  • Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).

  • If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.

  • A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.

  • Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.


4. Genetic Confirmation


As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.


Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?


  • The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:

  • Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.

  • These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.

  • High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.


FAQ


1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?


Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.


2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?


To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:


  • Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.

  • You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).


3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?


Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:


  • Know your target

  • Match your sample characteristics

  • Confirm the intended use is appropriate

  • Check “host” and “type”

  • Check the “quality” of the presented data/images

  • Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs