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IHC (Immunohistochemistry)
(Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
Rabbit anti-Human ATG4D Polyclonal Antibody | anti-ATG4D antibody
ATG4D Antibody (C-term)
Gene Names
ATG4D; APG4D; AUTL4; APG4-D
Reactivity
Human
Applications
Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, ELISA, Immunofluorescence
Purity
Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)
Synonyms
ATG4D, Antibody; ATG4D Antibody (C-term); Cysteine protease ATG4D; 3422-; AUT-like 4 cysteine endopeptidase; Autophagin-4; Autophagy-related cysteine endopeptidase 4; Autophagy-related protein 4 homolog D; mitochondrial; ATG4D; APG4D; AUTL4; anti-ATG4D antibody
Host
Rabbit
Reactivity
Human
Clonality
Polyclonal
Isotype
Rabbit Ig
Specificity
This ATG4D antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 441-470 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human ATG4D.
Purity/Purification
Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)
Form/Format
Purified polyclonal antibody supplied in PBS with 0.09% (W/V) sodium azide. This antibody is prepared by Saturated Ammonium Sulfate (SAS) precipitation followed by dialysis against PBS.
Concentration
Vial Concentration: 0.35 (varies by lot)
Sequence Positions
441-470
Sequence Length
411
Applicable Applications for anti-ATG4D antibody
IHC (Immunohistochemistry), WB (Western Blot), ELISA, IF (Immunofluorescence)
Antigen Type
Synthetic Peptide
Antigen Source
HUMAN
Preparation and Storage
Maintain refrigerated at 2-8 degree C for up to 6 months. For long term storage store at -20 degree C in small aliquots to prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
IHC (Immunohistochemistry)
(Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry)
(Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot)
(Cos7, HEK293, MEF, and Hela cells, left to right respectively. Data courtesy of Drs. Jiefei Geng and Dan Klionsky, University of Michigan.)
WB (Western Blot)
(Cos7, HEK293, MEF, and Hela cells, left to right respectively. Data courtesy of Drs. Jiefei Geng and Dan Klionsky, University of Michigan.)
WB (Western Blot)
(Western blot analysis of APG4D Pab in Y79 cell lysate.)
WB (Western Blot)
(Western blot analysis of APG4D Pab in Y79 cell lysate.)
IF (Immunofluorescence)
(Fluorescent image of U251 cells stained with ATG4D (C-term) antibody. U251 cells were treated with Chloroquine (50 uM,16h), then fixed with 4% PFA (20 min), permeabilized with Triton X-100 (0.2%, 30 min). Cells were then incubated with AAA288721 ATG4D (C-term) primary antibody (1:100, 2 h at room temperature). For secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit antibody (green) was used (1:1000, 1h). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue) (10 ug/ml, 5 min). ATG4D immunoreactivity is localized to autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm of U251 cells.)
IF (Immunofluorescence)
(Fluorescent image of U251 cells stained with ATG4D (C-term) antibody. U251 cells were treated with Chloroquine (50 uM,16h), then fixed with 4% PFA (20 min), permeabilized with Triton X-100 (0.2%, 30 min). Cells were then incubated with AAA288721 ATG4D (C-term) primary antibody (1:100, 2 h at room temperature). For secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit antibody (green) was used (1:1000, 1h). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue) (10 ug/ml, 5 min). ATG4D immunoreactivity is localized to autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm of U251 cells.)
Related Product Information for anti-ATG4D antibody
Macroautophagy is the major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane bound autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane bound structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane bound autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole).
APG4 is a cysteine protease required for autophagy, which cleaves the C-terminal part of either MAP1LC3, GABARAPL2 or GABARAP, allowing the liberation of form I. A subpopulation of form I is subsequently converted to a smaller form (form II). Form II, with a revealed C-terminal glycine, is considered to be the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, and has the capacity for the binding to autophagosomes.
APG4 is a cysteine protease required for autophagy, which cleaves the C-terminal part of either MAP1LC3, GABARAPL2 or GABARAP, allowing the liberation of form I. A subpopulation of form I is subsequently converted to a smaller form (form II). Form II, with a revealed C-terminal glycine, is considered to be the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, and has the capacity for the binding to autophagosomes.
Product Categories/Family for anti-ATG4D antibody
References
References for protein:
1.Baehrecke EH. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6(6):505-10. (2005)
2.Lum JJ, et al. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6(6):439-48. (2005)
3.Greenberg JT. Dev Cell. 8(6):799-801. (2005)
4.Levine B. Cell. 120(2):159-62. (2005)
5.Shintani T and Klionsky DJ. Science. 306(5698):990-5. (2004)
References for U251 cell line:
1. Westermark B.; Pontén J.; Hugosson R. (1973)." Determinants for the establishment of permanent tissue culture lines from human gliomas". Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A. 81:791-805. [PMID: 4359449].
2. Pontén, J.,Westermark B. (1978)." Properties of Human Malignant Glioma Cells in Vitro". Medical Biology 56: 184-193.[PMID: 359950].
3. Geng Y.;Kohli L.; Klocke B.J.; Roth K.A.(2010). "Chloroquine-induced autophagic vacuole accumulation and cell death in glioma cells is p53 independent". Neuro Oncol. 12(5): 473-481.[ PMID: 20406898].
1.Baehrecke EH. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6(6):505-10. (2005)
2.Lum JJ, et al. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6(6):439-48. (2005)
3.Greenberg JT. Dev Cell. 8(6):799-801. (2005)
4.Levine B. Cell. 120(2):159-62. (2005)
5.Shintani T and Klionsky DJ. Science. 306(5698):990-5. (2004)
References for U251 cell line:
1. Westermark B.; Pontén J.; Hugosson R. (1973)." Determinants for the establishment of permanent tissue culture lines from human gliomas". Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A. 81:791-805. [PMID: 4359449].
2. Pontén, J.,Westermark B. (1978)." Properties of Human Malignant Glioma Cells in Vitro". Medical Biology 56: 184-193.[PMID: 359950].
3. Geng Y.;Kohli L.; Klocke B.J.; Roth K.A.(2010). "Chloroquine-induced autophagic vacuole accumulation and cell death in glioma cells is p53 independent". Neuro Oncol. 12(5): 473-481.[ PMID: 20406898].
NCBI and Uniprot Product Information
NCBI GI #
NCBI GeneID
NCBI Accession #
NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #
Molecular Weight
52922
NCBI Official Full Name
cysteine protease ATG4D isoform 2
NCBI Official Synonym Full Names
autophagy related 4D, cysteine peptidase
NCBI Official Symbol
ATG4D
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols
APG4D; AUTL4; APG4-D
NCBI Protein Information
cysteine protease ATG4D
UniProt Protein Name
Cysteine protease ATG4D
UniProt Gene Name
ATG4D
UniProt Synonym Gene Names
APG4D; AUTL4
UniProt Entry Name
ATG4D_HUMAN
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Product Notes
The ATG4D atg4d (Catalog #AAA288721) is an Antibody produced from Rabbit and is intended for research purposes only. The product is available for immediate purchase. The immunogen sequence is 441-470. The ATG4D Antibody (C-term) reacts with Human and may cross-react with other species as described in the data sheet. AAA Biotech's ATG4D can be used in a range of immunoassay formats including, but not limited to, IHC (Immunohistochemistry), WB (Western Blot), ELISA, IF (Immunofluorescence). Researchers should empirically determine the suitability of the ATG4D atg4d for an application not listed in the data sheet. Researchers commonly develop new applications and it is an integral, important part of the investigative research process. It is sometimes possible for the material contained within the vial of "ATG4D, Polyclonal Antibody" to become dispersed throughout the inside of the vial, particularly around the seal of said vial, during shipment and storage. We always suggest centrifuging these vials to consolidate all of the liquid away from the lid and to the bottom of the vial prior to opening. Please be advised that certain products may require dry ice for shipping and that, if this is the case, an additional dry ice fee may also be required.Precautions
All products in the AAA Biotech catalog are strictly for research-use only, and are absolutely not suitable for use in any sort of medical, therapeutic, prophylactic, in-vivo, or diagnostic capacity. By purchasing a product from AAA Biotech, you are explicitly certifying that said products will be properly tested and used in line with industry standard. AAA Biotech and its authorized distribution partners reserve the right to refuse to fulfill any order if we have any indication that a purchaser may be intending to use a product outside of our accepted criteria.Disclaimer
Though we do strive to guarantee the information represented in this datasheet, AAA Biotech cannot be held responsible for any oversights or imprecisions. AAA Biotech reserves the right to adjust any aspect of this datasheet at any time and without notice. It is the responsibility of the customer to inform AAA Biotech of any product performance issues observed or experienced within 30 days of receipt of said product. To see additional details on this or any of our other policies, please see our Terms & Conditions page.Item has been added to Shopping Cart
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