Rabbit POLR2A Polyclonal Antibody | anti-POLR2A antibody

Phospho-POLR2A (Ser1616/Ser2) Antibody

Cat. Num. AAA31440

• Gene Names: POLR2A; RPB1; RPO2; POLR2; POLRA; RPBh1; RPOL2; RpIILS; hsRPB1; hRPB220
• Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat; Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Zebrafish (100%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Dog (100%), Xenopus (100%)
• Applications: Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry, ELISA
• Purity: The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
• Synonyms: POLR2A; Polyclonal Antibody; Phospho-POLR2A (Ser1616/Ser2) Antibody; DNA directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1; hRPB220; hsRPB1; POLR2; POLRA; polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A; 220kDa; RNA polymerase II subunit 1; RNA polymerase II subunit B1; RP02; RPB220; RPBh1; RpIILS; RPO21; RPOL2; SUA8; anti-POLR2A antibody

• Host: Rabbit
• Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat; Predicted Reactivity: Pig (100%), Zebrafish (100%), Bovine (100%), Horse (100%), Sheep (100%), Dog (100%), Xenopus (100%)
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Isotype: Rabbit IgG
• Specificity: Phospho-POLR2A (Ser1616/Ser2) Antibody detects endogenous levels of POLR2A only when phosphorylated at Ser1616.
• Purity/Purification: The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
• Form/Format: Liquid. Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline, pH7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
• Concentration: 1mg/ml (varies by lot)

• Applicable Applications for anti-POLR2A antibody: Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Peptide ELISA (EIA)
• Application Notes: WB: 1:1000-3000; IF/ICC: 1:100-1:500; IHC: 1:50-1:200; Peptide ELISA: 1:20,000-1:40,000
• Immunogen: A synthesized peptide derived from human POLR2A around the phosphorylation site of Ser1616.
• Conjugation: Unconjugated
• Fragment: Fab fragment
• Post Translational Modifications: The tandem heptapeptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) can be highly phosphorylated. The phosphorylation activates Pol II. Phosphorylation occurs mainly at residues 'Ser-2' and 'Ser-5' of the heptapeptide repeat and is mediated, at least, by CDK7 and CDK9. CDK7 phosphorylation of POLR2A associated with DNA promotes transcription initiation by triggering dissociation from DNA. Phosphorylation also takes place at 'Ser-7' of the heptapeptide repeat, which is required for efficient transcription of snRNA genes and processing of the transcripts. The phosphorylation state is believed to result from the balanced action of site-specific CTD kinases and phosphatases, and a 'CTD code' that specifies the position of Pol II within the transcription cycle has been proposed. Dephosphorylated by the protein phosphatase CTDSP1. Among tandem heptapeptide repeats of the C-terminal domain (CTD) some do not match the Y-S-P-T-S-P-S consensus, the seventh serine residue 'Ser-7' being replaced by a lysine. 'Lys-7' in these non-consensus heptapeptide repeats can be alternatively acetylated, methylated and dimethylated. EP300 is one of the enzyme able to acetylate 'Lys-7'. Acetylation at 'Lys-7' of non-consensus heptapeptide repeats is associated with 'Ser-2' phosphorylation and active transcription. Regulates initiation or early elongation steps of transcription specially for inducible genes.Methylated at Arg-1810 prior to transcription initiation when the CTD is hypophosphorylated, phosphorylation at Ser-1805 and Ser-1808 preventing this methylation. Symmetrically or asymmetrically dimethylated at Arg-1810 by PRMT5 and CARM1 respectively. Symmetric or asymmetric dimethylation modulates interactions with CTD-binding proteins like SMN1/SMN2 and TDRD3. SMN1/SMN2 interacts preferentially with the symmetrically dimethylated form while TDRD3 interacts with the asymmetric form. Through the recruitment of SMN1/SMN2, symmetric dimethylation is required for resolving RNA-DNA hybrids created by RNA polymerase II, that form R-loop in transcription terminal regions, an important step in proper transcription termination. CTD dimethylation may also facilitate the expression of select RNAs. Among tandem heptapeptide repeats of the C-terminal domain (CTD) some do not match the Y-S-P-T-S-P-S consensus, the seventh serine residue 'Ser-7' being replaced by a lysine. 'Lys-7' in these non-consensus heptapeptide repeats can be alternatively acetylated, methylated, dimethylated and trimethylated. Methylation occurs in the earliest transcription stages and precedes or is concomitant to 'Ser-5' and 'Ser-7' phosphorylation. Dimethylation and trimehtylation at 'Lys-7' of non-consensus heptapeptide repeats are exclusively associated with phosphorylated CTD.Ubiquitinated by WWP2 leading to proteasomal degradation (By similarity). Following UV treatment, the elongating form of RNA polymerase II (RNA pol IIo) is ubiquitinated on UV damage sites without leading to degradation: ubiquitination is facilitated by KIAA1530/UVSSA and promotes RNA pol IIo backtracking to allow access to the nucleotide excision repair machinery.
• Subunit Structure: Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. Component of a complex which is at least composed of HTATSF1/Tat-SF1, the P-TEFb complex components CDK9 and CCNT1, RNA polymerase II, SUPT5H, and NCL/nucleolin. The large PER complex involved in the repression of transcriptional termination is composed of at least PER2, CDK9, DDX5, DHX9, NCBP1 and POLR2A (active). Interacts (via the C-terminal domain (CTD)) with U2AF2; recruits PRPF19 and the Prp19 complex to the pre-mRNA and may couple transcription to pre-mRNA splicing. Interacts (via the C-terminal domain (CTD)) with SMN1/SMN2; recruits SMN1/SMN2 to RNA Pol II elongation complexes. Interacts via the phosphorylated C-terminal domain with WDR82 and with SETD1A and SETD1B only in the presence of WDR82. When phosphorylated at 'Ser-5', interacts with MEN1; the unphosphorylated form, or phosphorylated at 'Ser-2' does not interact. When phosphorylated at 'Ser-2', interacts with SUPT6H (via SH2 domain). Interacts with RECQL5 and TCEA1; binding of RECQL5 prevents TCEA1 binding. The phosphorylated C-terminal domain interacts with FNBP3 and SYNCRIP. Interacts with ATF7IP. Interacts with DDX5. Interacts with WWP2. Interacts with SETX. Interacts (phosphorylated) with PIH1D1. Interacts (via the C-terminal domain (CTD)) with TDRD3. Interacts with PRMT5. Interacts with XRN2. Interacts with SAFB/SAFB1. Interacts with CCNL1. Interacts with CCNL2, MYO1C, PAF1 and SFRS19. Interacts (via C-terminus) with CMTR1, CTDSP1 and SCAF8. Interacts (via the C-terminal domain (CTD)) with CCNT2. Interacts with FUS. Interacts with MCM3AP isoform GANP. (Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes simplex virus 1 protein ICP22; this interaction causes loss of CTD 'Ser-2' phosphorylation from pol II engaged in transcription.
• Similarity: The C-terminal domain (CTD) serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing.Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family.
• Subcellular Location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm.; Note: Hypophosphorylated form is mainly found in the cytoplasm, while the hyperphosphorylated and active form is nuclear.
• Preparation and Storage: Store at -20 degree C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Human colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissues by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Human colorectal cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Human mammary cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Human kidney cancer and adjacent normal tissues by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Human kidney cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Human ovarian cancer and adjacent normal tissues by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Human mammary cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Mouse kidney tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Mouse brain tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Mouse testis tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Mouse muscle tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistchemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Rat liver tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Rat spleen tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Rat kidney tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistchemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Rat brain tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Human lung cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Rat stomach tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

(At 1/100 staining Rat testis tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)

WB (Western Blot)

(Western blot analysis of POLR2A (Phospho-Ser1616) using Forskolin treated 293 whole cell lysates.-/+ means absence or presence of N peptide（non-phospho peptide) and P peptide(phospho peptide).)

WB (Western Blot)

(Western blot analysis of extracts from 293, rat brain and HepG2, using POLR2A (Phospho-Ser1616) Antibody.)

Related Product Information for anti-POLR2A antibody

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB1 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template. At the start of transcription, a single-stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol II. A bridging helix emanates from RPB1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol II by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition. During transcription elongation, Pol II moves on the template as the transcript elongates. Elongation is influenced by the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II largest subunit (RPB1), which serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing. Regulation of gene expression levels depends on the balance between methylation and acetylation levels of tha CTD-lysines (By similarity). Initiation or early elongation steps of transcription of growth-factors-induced immediate early genes are regulated by the acetylation status of the CTD. Methylation and dimethylation have a repressive effect on target genes expression (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase when associated with small delta antigen of Hepatitis delta virus, acting both as a replicate and transcriptase for the viral RNA circular genome.

NCBI and Uniprot Product Information

• NCBI GI #: 4505939
• NCBI GeneID: 5430
• NCBI Accession #: NP_000928.1
• NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #: NM_000937.4
• UniProt Accession #: P24928; A6NN93; B9EH88
• Molecular Weight: 217,176 Da
• NCBI Official Full Name: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1
• NCBI Official Synonym Full Names: polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A, 220kDa
• NCBI Official Symbol: POLR2A
• NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: RPB1; RPO2; POLR2; POLRA; RPBh1; RPOL2; RpIILS; hsRPB1; hRPB220
• NCBI Protein Information: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1; RNA polymerase II subunit B1; DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit A; RNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit; DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest subun
• UniProt Protein Name: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1
• UniProt Gene Name: POLR2A
• UniProt Synonym Gene Names: POLR2; RNA polymerase II subunit B1
• UniProt Entry Name: RPB1_HUMAN