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AAA Biotech also known as AAA Bio or AAABio provides a variety of high-quality recombinant and natural/native proteins that are proven to work in a wide range of experiments. Explore our products to find the active protein that best fits your needs or experimental model.
Viewing 1500-1550 of 2567 product results
Application Data
(Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human ACE2 (mFc tag) at 2 ug/mL (100 uL/well) can bind SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(E484Q)-His, the EC50 of SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(E484Q)-His is 5.0-25.0 ng/mL.)
COVID 19 Spike RBD(E484Q)-His Coronavirus, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258102)
Full Name
SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(E484Q)-His Recombinant Protein
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized human ACE2 protein (Fc tag) at 2 ug/mL (100 uL/well) can bind SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(K417N, E484K, N501Y)-His (40592-V08H85), the EC50 of SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(K417N, E484K, N501Y)-His (40592-V08H85) is 5-40 ng/mL.)
COVID 19 Spike RBD(K417N, E484K, N501Y)-His Coronavirus, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258106)
Full Name
SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(K417N, E484K, N501Y)-His Recombinant Protein
Purity
>90% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human ACE2 (mFc tag) at 2 ug/mL (100 uL/well) can bind SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD (K417T, E484K, N501Y) Protein (His Tag), the EC50 of SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD (K417T, E484K, N501Y) Protein (His Tag) is 3.0-15.0 ng/mL.)
COVID 19 Spike RBD (K417T, E484K, N501Y) Protein (His Tag) Coronavirus, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258107)
Full Name
SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD (K417T, E484K, N501Y) Protein (His Tag)
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its ability to inhibit BMP4-induced alkaline phosphatase production by MC3T3E1 mouse preosteoblast cells.The ED50 for this effect is 1.5-7.5 ug/mL.)
BMPRIB, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258113)
Full Name
BMPRIB Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc Tag)
Gene Names
Bmpr1b; Alk6; SKR6; ALK-6; Acvrlk6; BMPR-1B; BMPR-IB; CFK-43a; AI385617; AV355320
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Immobilized mouse CD6-His at 10 ug/ml (100 ul/well) can bind mouse ALCAM-Fc2h, The EC50 of mouse ALCAM-Fc2h is 0.12-0.28 ug/ml.)
CD166/ALCAM, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258114)
Full Name
CD166/ALCAM Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & hFc Tag)
Gene Names
Alcam; BEN; SC1; MuSC; CD166; AI853494; DM-GRASP
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Immobilized mouse ALCAM-His at 10 ug/ml (100 ul/well) can bind mouse CD6-Fc, The EC50 of mouse CD6-Fc is 0.08-0.18 ug/ml.)
CD166/ALCAM, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258115)
Full Name
CD166/ALCAM Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His Tag)
Gene Names
Alcam; BEN; SC1; MuSC; CD166; AI853494; DM-GRASP
Purity
>98% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. 1. Immobilized human BID at 10 ug/mL (100 ul/well) can bind biotinylated mouse BCL2L1, The EC50 of biotinylated mouse BCL2L1 is 5.6 ng/mL. 2. Immobilized mouse BID at 10 ug/mL (100 ul/well) can bind biotinylated mouse BCL2L1, The EC50 of biotinylated mouse BCL2L1 is 7.1 ng/mL.)
Bcl-XL, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258116)
Full Name
Bcl-XL Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 1-212, His Tag)
Gene Names
Bcl2l1; BclX; Bcl2l; bcl-x; Bcl-XL; Bcl(X)L; bcl2-L-1
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its ability to inhibit TGFbeta1 activity on Mv-1-lu mink lung epithelial cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 1-4 ng/ml.)
HGF, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258122)
Full Name
HGF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant
Gene Names
Hgf; SF; NK1; NK2; HGF/SF; SF/HGF; C230052L06Rik
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its ability to inhibit proliferation of INS-1 cells induced by human growth hormone. The ED50 for this effect is 2-8ug/mL in the presence of 50 ng/mL human growth hormone.)
Growth Hormone Receptor, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258123)
Full Name
Growth Hormone Receptor Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His Tag)
Gene Names
Ghr; GHBP; GHR/BP
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its ability to inhibit recombinant human BMP4 induced activity in MC3T3-E1 Mouse osteoblastic cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.5-2 ug/ml in the presence of 50 ng/ml of recombinant human BMP4.)
BMPR1A/ALK-3, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258127)
Full Name
BMPR1A/ALK-3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His Tag)
Gene Names
Bmpr1a; ALK3; Bmpr; BMPR-IA; AU045487; 1110037I22Rik
Purity
>97% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured in a cell proliferation assay using NIH3T3 cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 2-12 ng/mL.)
Oncostatin M/OSM, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258128)
Full Name
Oncostatin M/OSM Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His Tag)
Gene Names
Osm; OncoM
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured in a cell proliferation assay using MO7e human megakaryocytic leukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 1.6-6.4 ng/mL.)
Thrombopoietin, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258132)
Full Name
Thrombopoietin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His Tag)
Purity
>90% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized human VEGFR3-His at 10 ug/mL (100 ul/well) can bind mouse Fc-VEGFD, The EC50 of mouse Fc-VEGFD is 49 ng/mL. 3. Immobilized mouse VEGFR3-His at 10 ug/mL (100 ul/well) can bind mouse Fc-VEGFD, The EC50 of mouse Fc-VEGFD is 44 ng/mL.)
VEGFD, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258133)
Full Name
VEGFD Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc Tag)
Gene Names
Vegfd; Figf; VEGF-D; AI325264
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Rat PCSK9 at 10 ug/ml (100 ul/well) can bind biotinylated recombinant mouse LDLR. The EC50 of biotinylated mouse LDLR is 0.173 ug/ml.)
LDLR/LDL Receptor, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258153)
Full Name
LDLR/LDL Receptor Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His Tag)
Gene Names
Ldlr; Hlb301
Purity
>90% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
(Measured in a cell proliferation assay using Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.5-2 ug/mL.)
PDGF-C, Active Protein (Cat# AAA258164)
Full Name
PDGF-C Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc Tag)
Gene Names
Pdgfc; PDGF-C; AI647969; 1110064L01Rik
Purity
>80% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
IL25, Active Protein (Cat# AAA214323)
Full Name
Recombinant Mouse IL25
Gene Names
Il25; Il17e; IL-17e
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
IFNG, Active Protein (Cat# AAA214335)
Full Name
Recombinant Rat IFNG
Gene Names
Ifng; IFNG2
Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Application Data
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family, Member A1 (ALDH1A1), Active Protein (Cat# AAA148210)
Full Name
Active Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family, Member A1 (ALDH1A1)
Gene Names
ALDH1A1; ALDC; ALDH1; HEL-9; HEL12; PUMB1; ALDH11; RALDH1; ALDH-E1; HEL-S-53e
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
>95%
Pricing
Application Data
Arylsulfatase B (ARSB), Active Protein (Cat# AAA148214)
Full Name
Active Arylsulfatase B (ARSB)
Gene Names
ARSB; ASB; G4S; MPS6
Reactivity
Human
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
> 80%
Pricing
Application Data
Arylsulfatase F (ARSF), Active Protein (Cat# AAA148215)
Full Name
Active Arylsulfatase F (ARSF)
Gene Names
ARSF; ASF
Reactivity
Human
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
> 97%
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Figure. Cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells after stimulated with IGF1.)
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1, Active Protein (Cat# AAA150054)
Full Name
Active Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1)
Gene Names
Igf1; Igf-1; Igf-I; C730016P09Rik
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
>97%
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that affects cell growth by inhibiting differentiation. LIF as a cytokine also has another fuction including: the growth promotion and cell differentiation of different types of target cells, influence on bone metabolism, cachexia, neural development, embryogenesis and inflammation. Besides, Colony Stimulating Factor Receptor, Granulocyte (GCSFR) has been identified as an interactor of LIF, thus a binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant mouse LIF and recombinant mouse GCSFR. Briefly, LIF were diluted serially in PBS, with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100L were then transferred to GCSFR-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 2h at 37. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-LIF pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody, wells were aspirated and washed 3 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37. Finally, add 50uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450nm immediately. The binding activity of LIF and GCSFR was shown in Figure 1, and this effect was in a dose dependent manner.Figure. The binding activity of LIF with GCSFR.)
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Active Protein (Cat# AAA150066)
Full Name
Active Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
>95%
Pricing
Bioactivity
(IL-1RA is an agent that binds non-productively to the cell surface interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), the same receptor that binds interleukin 1 (IL-1), preventing IL-1 from sending a signal to that cell. Besides, Interleukin 1 Alpha (IL-1a) has been identified as an interactor of IL-1RA, thus a binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant human IL-1RA and recombinant human IL-1a. Briefly, IL1RA were diluted serially in PBS, with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100L were then transferred to IL-1a-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 2 h at 37. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1 h with anti-IL-1RA pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody, wells were aspirated and washed 3 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37. Finally, add 50uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450nm immediately. The binding activity of IL-1RA and IL-1a was shown in Figure 1, and this effect was in a dose dependent manner.Figure. The binding activity of IL-1RA with IL-1a.)
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist, Active Protein (Cat# AAA150086)
Full Name
Active Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL1RA)
Gene Names
IL1RN; DIRA; IRAP; IL1F3; IL1RA; MVCD4; IL-1RN; IL-1ra; IL-1ra3; ICIL-1RA
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
>95%
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Sirtuin 4, also known as SIRT4, is a member of the sirtuin family. SIRT4 is a mitochondrial ADP-ribosyltransferase that inhibits mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase 1 activity, thereby downregulating insulin secretion in response to amino acids. It has been shown that SIRT4 regulates fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial gene expression in liver and muscle cells. Besides, Heat Shock 60kD Protein 1, Chaperonin (HSPD1) has been identified as an interactor of SIRT4, thus a binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant human SIRT4 and recombinant human HSPD1. Briefly, SIRT4 were diluted serially in PBS, with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100L were then transferred to HSPD1-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 2h at 37. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-SIRT4 pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody, wells were aspirated and washed 3 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37. Finally, add 50uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450nm immediately. The binding activity of SIRT4 and HSPD1 was shown in Figure 1, and this effect was in a dose dependent manner.Figure. The binding activity of SIRT4 with HSPD1)
Sirtuin 4, Active Protein (Cat# AAA150139)
Full Name
Active Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4)
Gene Names
SIRT4; SIR2L4
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
>97%
Pricing
Bioactivity
(The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1 catalyzes the oxidative metabolism of many solvents and other small organic molecules. CYP2E1 is expressed in adult and fetal human liver in addition to extrahepatic tissues such as lung and placenta. Treatment of primary cultures of human hepatocytes with ethanol induces CYP2E1 protein, and this is consistent with the finding that hepatic CYP2E1 protein and mRNA levels are increased in individuals with alcoholism. Although only a few drugs (e.g., acetaminophen have been identified as substrates for CYP2E1, many low molecular weight procarcinogens are activated by this cytochrome P450 (P450). Chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation, N-nitrosodimethylamine N-demethylation and p-nitrophenol hydroxylation can be used to measure the catalytic activity of CYP2E1. Thus, the recombinant mouse CYP2E1 activity was measured by its ability to hydroxylate p-nitrophenol to p-nitrocatechol. The reaction was performed in 50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4 (Assay Buffer), initiated by addition 20 uL of 500 ug/ml CYP2E1 to 10 uL of 5 mM substrate p-nitrophenol and 30 ul of 26 mM NADPH in a total volume of 500 ul. Incubated at 37 degree C for 30min, then read at a wavelength of 535 nm after acidification of the reaction mixture with trichloroacetic acid followed by neutralization using 2 M NaOH.)
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161818)
Full Name
Active Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)
Gene Names
Cyp2e1; Cyp2e
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 95% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Four distinct genes encode alkaline phosphatases (APs) in humans. The ALPL gene encodes the liver/bone/kidney isozyme, also known as the tissuenonspecific AP (TNAP). In comparison, ALPI, ALPP and ALPPL2 encode intestinal, placental and placental-like or germ cell APs, respectively. The serum levels of human APs are useful tumor markers. There are many mutations in the ALPL gene, leading to different forms of hypophosphatasia, characterized by poorly mineralized cartilage and bones. The native ALPL is a glycosylated homodimer attached to the membrane through a GPI-anchor. The activity assay of recombinant human ALPL was measured by its ability to cleave a peptide substrate, 4-Methumbelliferly phosphate. The reaction was performed in 50 mM Tris, 1 mM MgCl2, pH 9.0 (assay buffer), ainitiated by addition 50 uL of 0.625 ug/ml ALPL (diluted by assay buffer) to 50 uL of 50 uM substrate. Read at excitation and emission wavelengths of 365 nm and 445 nm (top read), respectively, in kinetic mode for 5 minutes. The specific activity of recombinant human ALPL is >11000 pmol/min/ug.)
Alkaline Phosphatase, Tissue-nonspecific (ALPL), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161829)
Full Name
Active Alkaline Phosphatase, Tissue-nonspecific (ALPL)
Gene Names
ALPL; HOPS; TNAP; APTNAP; TNSALP; AP-TNAP
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) is a soluble acute-phase protein that binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (or LPS) to elicit immune responses by presenting the LPS to important cell surface pattern recognition receptors called CD14 and TLR4. This protein is part of a family of structurally and functionally related proteins, including BPI, plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). It has been reported that LBP can enhance LPS-stimulated IL-8 secretion by THP-1 cells. To test the bioactivity of recombinant bovine LBP, THP-1 cells were seeded into 24-well plate at a density of 1x106 cells/mL including 1 ug/mL LPS, and treated with certain concentrations (0.078125 ug/mL-1.25 ug/mL) of rbLBP for 24h and IL-8 levels in the cell supernatant were determined by ELISA. IL-8 levels in the cell supernatant of THP-1 cells increased significantly after stimulated with recombinant bovine LBP have shown in Figure 1.)
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161846)
Full Name
Active Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP)
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 95% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is a lipid-binding protein, which is primarily synthesized in the small intestine, packaged into chylomicrons, and secreted into intestinal lymph during fat absorption. In the circulation, apoA-IV is present on chylomicron remnants, high-density lipoproteins, and also in lipid-free form. ApoA-IV is involved in a myriad of physiological processes such as lipid absorption and metabolism, anti-atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation and thrombosis, glucose homeostasis and food intake. Besides, Apolipoprotein H (APOH) has been identified as an interactor of APOA4, thus a functional binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant human APOA4 and recombinant bovine APOH. Briefly, APOA4 was diluted serially in PBS with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 ul were then transferred to APOH-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 1h at 37 degree C. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-APOA4 pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody for 1h at 37 degree C, wells were aspirated and washed 5 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37 degree C. Finally, add 50 uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450/630 nm immediately. The binding activity of recombinant human APOA4 and recombinant bovine APOH was shown in Figure 1, the EC50 for this effect is 0.16 ug/mL.)
Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161870)
Full Name
Active Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4)
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 80% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is a small protein, expressed predominantly in the liver. It has been identified to play an important role in lipid metabolism, specifically in triglyceride (TG) and TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) metabolism. Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) has been proved to be one of the ligands of APOA5. Thus a functional binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant human APOA5 and recombinant human APOC3. Briefly, APOA5 was diluted serially in PBS with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 ul were then transferred to APOC3-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 1h at 37 degree C. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-APOA5 pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody for 1h at 37 degree C, wells were aspirated and washed 5 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37 degree C. Finally, add 50 uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450/630 nm immediately. The binding activity of recombinant human APOA5 and recombinant human APOC3 was shown in Figure 1, the EC50 for this effect is 0.14 ug/mL.)
Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161872)
Full Name
Active Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5)
Gene Names
APOA5; RAP3; APOAV
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Amine Oxidase, Copper Containing 3 (AOC3) is a copper amine oxidase with a topaquinone cofactor. AOC3 is a Type II integral membrane protein, but a soluble form of the enzyme is present in human serum, and its level increases in diabetes and some inflammatory liver diseases. AOC3 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of small primary amines such as methylamine, benzylamine, and aminoacetone in a reaction that produces an aldehyde, ammonia, and H2O2. The enzyme is sensitive to inhibition by semicarbazide. AOC3 expression is highest in the endothelium of lung, heart, and intestine, but low in tissues such as brain, spleen, kidney, and liver. The activity of recombinant mouse AOC3 was measured by its ability to produce hydrogen peroxide during the oxidation of benzylamine. The reaction was performed in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 (assay buffer), initiated by addition 50 uL of various concentrations of AOC3 (diluted by assay buffer) to 50 ul substrate mixture of 2 mM Benzylamine, 2 units/mL HRP and 100 uM AUR. Read at excitation and emission wavelengths of 544 nm and 590 nm (top read), respectively in kinetic mode for 5 minutes.)
Amine Oxidase, Copper Containing 3 (AOC3), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161883)
Full Name
Active Amine Oxidase, Copper Containing 3 (AOC3)
Gene Names
Aoc3; SSAO; VAP1
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Oxoguanine Glycosylase 1 (OGG1), a prominent member of the BER enzyme family, is an essential DNA repair enzyme. OGG1 is highly conserved across eukaryotic organisms and is expressed in various cell types. Its activity is regulated by several factors, including cellular redox status, DNA damage, and cell cycle progression. In addition to its role in repairing oxidative DNA damage, OGG1 has also been implicated in other cellular processes, such as transcription, replication, and apoptosis. In addition, the combination of OGG1 and NEIL1 can contribute to improve the repair efficiency of oxidative DNA damage, maintain genomic stability, and reduce the risk of cell mutation. Thus a functional binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant human OGG1 and recombinant human NEIL1. Briefly, biotin-linked OGG1 were diluted serially in PBS, with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 ul were then transferred to NEIL1-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 1h at 37 degree C. Wells were washed with PBST 3 times and incubation with Streptavidin-HRP for 30min, then wells were aspirated and washed 5 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37 degree C. Finally, add 50 ul stop solution to the wells and read at 450 nm immediately. The binding activity of recombinant human OGG1 and recombinant human NEIL1 was shown in Figure 1, the EC50 for this effect is 0.33 ug/mL.)
Oxoguanine Glycosylase 1 (OGG1), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161893)
Full Name
Active Oxoguanine Glycosylase 1 (OGG1)
Gene Names
OGG1; HMMH; MUTM; OGH1; HOGG1
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Serpin B2, also known as PAI-2, is an approximately 60 kDa serine protease inhibitor. It is primarily secreted by macrophages and monocytes and can form disulfide-linked multimers. Serpin B2 inhibits both the urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA). Serpin B2 also promotes the clearance of uPA by enhancing its binding and uptake by LRP. It limits fibril formation by Huntington protein (HTT) and beta-Amyloid peptides. It promotes Th2 biased immune responses and is important for intestinal CCL2 production, monocyte recruitment, and nematode clearance. A non-glycosylated form of Serpin B2 is retained intracellularly where it interferes with TNF-a induced apoptosis by protecting the Retinoblastoma protein (RB1) from calpain digestion. It also inhibits proteasome activity in activated endothelial cells. The activity of recombinant human PAI-2 was measured by its ability to inhibit uPA cleavage of a peptide substrate, N-carbobenzyloxy-Gly-Gly-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Z-GGR-AMC) in the assay buffer 50 mM Tris, 0.01% Tween 20, pH 8.5. The 50 ul different concentrations of rhPAI-2 (MW: 48.2 KD) was incubated with 50ul 2ug/ml rhuPA (EPA140Mu61) at room temperature for 15 minutes. Loading 50 uL of the incubated mixtures into empty wells of a plate, and start the reaction by adding 50 uL of 200 uM substrate (Z-GGR-AMC). Include a substrate blank containing 50 uL of assay buffer and 50 uL of 200 uM substrate. Then read at excitiation and emission wavelengths of 380 nm and 460 nm, respectively, in kinetic mode for 5 minutes. The result was shown in Figure 1 and it was obvious that recombinant human PAI2 significantly decreased uPA activity. The inhibition IC50 was )
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 (PAI2), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161739)
Full Name
Active Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 (PAI2)
Gene Names
SERPINB2; PAI; PAI2; PAI-2; PLANH2; HsT1201
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 80% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Serpin B2, also known as PAI-2, is an approximately 60 kDa serine protease inhibitor. It is primarily secreted by macrophages and monocytes and can form disulfide-linked multimers. Serpin B2 inhibits both the urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA). Serpin B2 also promotes the clearance of uPA by enhancing its binding and uptake by LRP. It limits fibril formation by Huntington protein (HTT) and beta-Amyloid peptides. It promotes Th2 biased immune responses and is important for intestinal CCL2 production, monocyte recruitment, and nematode clearance. A non-glycosylated form of Serpin B2 is retained intracellularly where it interferes with TNF-a induced apoptosis by protecting the Retinoblastoma protein (RB1) from calpain digestion. It also inhibits proteasome activity in activated endothelial cells. The activity of recombinant rat PAI-2 was measured by its ability to inhibit uPA cleavage of a peptide substrate, N-carbobenzyloxy-Gly-Gly-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Z-GGR-AMC) in the assay buffer 50 mM Tris, 0.01% Tween 20, pH 8.5. The 50 ul different concentrations of rrPAI-2 (MW: 78.3 KD) was incubated with 50ul 2ug/ml rhuPA (EPA140Mu61) at room temperature for 15 minutes. Loading 50 uL of the incubated mixtures into empty wells of a plate, and start the reaction by adding 50 uL of 200 uM substrate (Z-GGR-AMC). Include a substrate blank containing 50 uL of assay buffer and 50 uL of 200 uM substrate. Then read at excitiation and emission wavelengths of 380 nm and 460 nm, respectively, in kinetic mode for 5 minutes. The result was shown in Figure 1 and it was obvious that recombinant rat PAI2 significantly decreased uPA activity. The inhibition IC50 was )
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 (PAI2), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161741)
Full Name
Active Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 (PAI2)
Gene Names
Serpinb2; Pai2a
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 95% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a growth factor that stimulates cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor EGFR. To test the effect of EGF on cell proliferation of 3T3 fibroblasts, Balb/c 3T3 cells were seeded into triplicate wells of 96-well plates and allowed to attach overnight, then the medium was replaced with various concentrations of recombinant human EGF. After incubated for 48h, cells were observed by inverted microscope and cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Briefly, 10 ul of CCK-8 solution was added to each well of the plate, then measure the absorbance at 450 nm using a microplate reader after incubating the plate for 1-4 hours at 37 degree C. Cell proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells after incubation with rhEGF for 48h observed by inverted microscope was shown in Figure 1. The dose-effect curve of rhEGF was shown in Figure2. It was obvious that rhEGF significantly promoted cell proliferation of 3T3 cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 3.9 ng/ml.)
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161747)
Full Name
Active Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
Gene Names
EGF; URG; HOMG4
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Human Adiponectin (ADPN) is a 53 kDa member of the PNPLA family of phospholipase A2 enzymes. It is a plasma protein secreted by adipose tissue showing pleiotropic effects with anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Adiponectin and AdipoR1 regulate PPARgC1a and mitochondria by Ca(2) and AMPK/SIRT1. Thus a functional binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant chicken ADPN and recombinant rat PPARgC1a. Briefly, ADPN was diluted serially in PBS with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 ul were then transferred to PPARgC1a-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 1h at 37 degree C. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-ADPN pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody for 1h at 37 degree C, wells were aspirated and washed 5 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37 degree C. Finally, add 50 uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450/630 nm immediately. The binding activity of recombinant chicken ADPN and recombinant rat PPARgC1a was shown in Figure 1, the EC50 for this effect is 0.12 ug/mL.)
Adiponectin (ADPN), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161753)
Full Name
Active Adiponectin (ADPN)
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped), pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose levels rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind to lysophosphatidylcholine expressed on the surface of dead or dying cells (and some types of bacteria) in order to activate the complement system via C1q. Besides, Coagulation Factor II (F2) has been identified as an interactor of CRP, thus a functional binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant pig CRP and recombinant rat F2. Briefly, CRP was diluted serially in PBS with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 ul were then transferred to F2-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 1h at 37 degree C. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-CRP pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody for 1h at 37 degree C, wells were aspirated and washed 5 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37 degree C. Finally, add 50 uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450/630 nm immediately. The binding activity of recombinant pig CRP and recombinant rat F2 was shown in Figure 1, the EC50 for this effect is 0.02 ug/mL.)
C ReProtein (CRP), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161784)
Full Name
Active C Reactive Protein (CRP)
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 97% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is a class of 104 amino acid conservative acute-phase proteins, which is essential in immune-mediated inflammatory processes, like IBD. SAA has dual roles in the inflammatory process, which it can stimulates the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and promotes the pathogenic differentiation of TH17 cells. In addition, SAA can remove toxic lipids produced during inflammatory responses and membrane debris from dead cells, redirect HDL, and recycle cholesterol for tissue repair. Besides, C Reactive Protein (CRP) has been identified as an interactor of SAA, thus a functional binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant human SAA and recombinant human CRP. Briefly, SAA were diluted serially in PBS, with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 ul were then transferred to CRP-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 2h at 37 degree C. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-SAA pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody, wells were aspirated and washed 3 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37 degree C. Finally, add 50 uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450 nm immediately. The binding activity of recombinant human SAA and recombinant human CRP was shown in Figure 1, the EC50 for this effect is 5.3 ug/mL.)
Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161801)
Full Name
Active Serum Amyloid A (SAA)
Gene Names
SAA1; SAA; PIG4; SAA2; TP53I4
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 95% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Aprotinin (AP) is a competitive serine protease inhibitor. Reversibly binds to and blocks the enzymatic active site. Inhibits a range of serine proteases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein and plasmin. Inhibits cytopathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2 and double-stranded RNA formation in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. The activity of recombinant pig AP was measured by its ability to inhibit trypsin cleavage of a peptide substrate BAPNA in the assay buffer 200 mM Triethanolamine hydrochloride, 20 mM CaCl2, pH 7.8. The reaction was performed in adding 20 ul 4 mg/mL trypsin diluted by 1mM HCl to 160 ul assay buffer and 20 ul 0.85% (w/v) NaCl and start the reaction by adding 100 ul of 1mg/ml BAPNA. Include a substrate blank containing 160 ul assay buffer, 20 ul 1mM HCl, 20 ul 0.85% (w/v) NaCl and 100 uL of 1mg/ml substrate. Rapidly mixing at 25 degree C, then read at 405 nm in kinetic mode for 5 minutes using a microplate reader controlling the ?A405nm/min=0.08-0.12. The 20 ul different concentrations of recombinant pig AP was incubated with 20 ul 4 mg/mL trypsin in 160 ul assay buffer at 25 degree C for 10 minutes followed by adding 100 ul substrate, then read at 405 nm in kinetic mode for 5 minutes using a microplate reader. Under these conditions, the enzyme amount of 50% inhibition of trypsin activity per minute is defined as a unit. The specific activity of recombinant pig AP is >9000 U/mg.)
Aprotinin (AP), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161812)
Full Name
Active Aprotinin (AP)
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), also known as DT-diaphorase, is a widely-distributed FAD-dependent flavoprotein that promotes 2-electron reductions of quinones, quinoneimines, nitroaromatics, and azo dyes. As a result it prevents the one electron reduction of quinones that results in the production of radical species. NQO1 is a highly-inducible enzyme that is regulated by the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. The increase and decrease of NQO1 levels are associated with decreased and increased susceptibilities to oxidative stress, respectively. Thus, NQO1 is a marker cytoprotective enzyme in oxidative stress. Independently of its catalytic function, NQO1 plays a role in regulating the proteosomal degradation of p53, p73a, and p33. NQO1 physically interacts with p53 and p73 in an NADH-dependent manner and protects them from 20S proteasomal degradation in a ubiquitin independent pathway. The activity assay of recombinant human NQO1 was measured by its ability to oxidize the substrate resazurin to resorufin. The rhNQO1 was diluted to 100 ug/ml in the assay buffer 50 mM HEPES, 0.2 M NaCl, 5 uM FAD, 0.05% Tween 20, pH 7.5. 50 ul 100 ug/ml rhNQO1 was added into the microplate and start the reaction by adding 50 ul substrate mixture of 400 uM beta-NADH and 20 uM resazurin which was diluted in assay buffer. Read at excitation and emission wavelengths of 540 nm and 585 nm (top read), respectively, in kinetic mode for 5 minutes. The specific activity of recombinant human NQO1 is >18 pmol/min/ug.)
NADH Dehydrogenase, Quinone 1 (NQO1), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161938)
Full Name
Active NADH Dehydrogenase, Quinone 1 (NQO1)
Gene Names
NQO1; DTD; QR1; DHQU; DIA4; NMOR1; NMORI
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 95% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Caspase-2 (CASP2) is a 3032 kDa member of the peptidase C14A/IL1 beta-converting family of enzymes. It is widely expressed and is an integral component of the apoptotic cascade. Based on the length of its prodomain, caspase-2 has been considered to be an initiator caspase. Human procaspase-2 is a 4851 kDa, 452 amino acid (aa) protein. It is known to exist as a disulfide-linked homodimer via covalent linkage at Cys436. But this dimeric state may not be sufficient for (auto) activation. Actual activation may occur following oligomerization within the context of activating platforms such as DISC (death-inducing signaling complex) or the PIDDosome. The activity assay of recombinant human CASP2 was measured by its ability to cleave the fluorogenic peptide substrate Ac-VDVAD-AFC. The reaction was performed in 25 mM HEPES, 0.1% (w/v) CHAPS, 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), pH 7.5 (Assay Buffer). The CASP2 was diluted to 3 ug/ml by assay buffer and incubated at room temperature for 15min. The reaction was initiated by adding 50 ul 3 ug/ml CASP2 to 50 ul of 200 uM substrate and then read at excitation and emission wavelengths of 400 nm and 505 nm (top read), respectively, in kinetic mode for 5 minutes. The specific activity of recombinant human CASP2 is 2100 pmol/min/ug.)
Caspase 2 (CASP2), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161718)
Full Name
Active Caspase 2 (CASP2)
Gene Names
CASP2; ICH1; NEDD2; CASP-2; NEDD-2; PPP1R57
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Complement Component 4a (C4a) is a component of the complement system, which is a cleavage product of the complement C4 protein. C4a has been implicated in various inflammatory and immune responses. It acts as a chemoattractant, recruiting immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages to the site of inflammation. Additionally, C4a can stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, further amplifying the immune response. Besides, the binding of MASP2 to C4a is an important step in the lectin pathway of the complement system, thus a functional binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant mouse C4a and recombinant human MASP2. Briefly, C4a was diluted serially in PBS with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 ul were then transferred to MASP2-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 1h at 37 degree C. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-C4a pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody for 1h at 37 degree C, wells were aspirated and washed 5 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37 degree C. Finally, add 50 uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450/630 nm immediately. The binding activity of recombinant mouse C4a and recombinant human MASP2 was shown in Figure 1, the EC50 for this effect is 0.21 ug/mL.)
Complement Component 4a (C4a), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161729)
Full Name
Active Complement Component 4a (C4a)
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
Bioactivity
(Small calcium binding protein that S100 Calcium Binding Protein (S100), also known as S100 Alpha (S100A1), is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. As with most S100 proteins, S100A1 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and it possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 Calcium Binding Protein A4 (S100A4) is one of targets of S100A1. Thus a functional binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant rat S100A1 and recombinant mouse S100A4. Briefly, S100A1 was diluted serially in PBS with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 ul were then transferred to S100A4-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 1h at 37 degree C. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-S100A1 pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody for 1h at 37 degree C, wells were aspirated and washed 5 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37 degree C. Finally, add 50 uL stop solution to the wells and read at 450/630 nm immediately. The binding activity of recombinant rat S100A1 and recombinant mouse S100A4 was shown in Figure 1, the EC50 for this effect is 3.92 ug/mL.)
S100 Calcium Binding Protein (S100), Active Protein (Cat# AAA161651)
Full Name
Active S100 Calcium Binding Protein (S100)
Applications
Activity Assay, Cell Culture
Purity
Greater than 90% by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
SDS-PAGE
DPP4 / DPPIV / CD26, Active Protein (Cat# AAA173512)
Full Name
Recombinant Human DPP4 / DPPIV / CD26 Protein (Fc tag)
Gene Names
DPP4; CD26; ADABP; ADCP2; DPPIV; TP103
Reactivity
Human
Purity
>95 % as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.
Pricing
SDS-PAGE
GFRA1 / GFR alpha-1, Active Protein (Cat# AAA173594)
Full Name
Recombinant Mouse GFRA1 / GFR alpha-1 Protein (His tag)
Gene Names
Gfra1; AU042498
Purity
> 98 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
SDS-PAGE
HER4 / ErbB4, Active Protein (Cat# AAA173601)
Full Name
Recombinant Rat HER4 / ErbB4 Protein (His tag)
Purity
> 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
Pricing
IL6R alpha, Active Protein (Cat# AAA75439)
Full Name
IL6R alpha protein
Gene Names
IL6R; IL6Q; gp80; CD126; IL6RA; IL6RQ; IL-6RA; IL-6R-1
Purity
> 98% pure
Pricing
Factor X, Active Protein (Cat# AAA75328)
Full Name
Factor X protein
Gene Names
F10; fX; Cf10
Purity
> 98%
Pricing
ELISA
(2019ncov S1-Human ACE functional binding ELISA assay2019-ncov S1-his tagged (coating at 0.5ug-well) binding with Human ACE2-Fc.The linear range was found to be 0.1-5 ug/ml)
2019 nCoV/COVID19 Spike protein S1, Active Protein (Cat# AAA76381)
Full Name
2019 nCoV/COVID19 Spike protein S1 Recombinant-His AVI
Purity
>95%, as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC
Pricing
Application Data
SCF, Active Protein (Cat# AAA79137)
Full Name
Human SCF
Gene Names
KITLG; SF; MGF; SCF; FPH2; KL-1; Kitl; SHEP7
Reactivity
Human
Purity
> 98% by SDS-PAGE & silver stain
Pricing
Bacterial Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (rPCO), Active Protein (Cat# AAA78973)
Full Name
Bacterial Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (rPCO)
Pricing
What Are Active Proteins?
Proteins are large molecules made up of long chains of amino acids.
They will typically fold into a very particular 3-dimensional shape/conformation, that is sometimes referred to as their “native” form, which allows them to work properly in the body. For the purposes of product categorization, AAA Biotech will typically refer to proteins purified from their original animal host as being “native” proteins (this is to signify their difference compared to their “recombinant” or “synthetic” protein counterparts).
If a protein successfully folds into the correct shape, it is will typically display high fidelity characteristics to its original protein in its original animal host, and be classified as an active protein, as it will be able to function “normally” in most enzymatic or binding capacities. If it loses this shape, due to factors such as heat or strong chemicals (such as detergents), it becomes inactive and is no longer able to perform its basic functions. All of the proteins in this category are made under strict quality control, and they are active, pure, low in contaminants, and stable.
Most are stored as freeze-dried powders and come without extra tags, so they’re very close to the actual natural/native form.
Key Applications of Active Proteins
1. Scientific Research
- Aid in the study of how proteins function in the body
- Aid in understanding various disease processes
2. Drug Development
- Powerful tools to investigate how potential drugs interact with specific proteins
- Ideal for identifying drug targets
3. Cell Culture
- Are routinely utilized to support cell growth and function (e.g., using exogenous growth factors)
- Can be used to promote cellular development into specific types (differentiation)
4. Diagnostics
- Regularly utilized in tests to detect diseases or infections (e.g., COVID-19, cancer)
- Note: All products are strictly for research-use only (RUO).
5. Therapeutics
- Some active proteins are used directly as treatments (e.g., insulin, enzymes)
- Note: All products are strictly for research-use only (RUO).
6. Vaccine Development
- Used to create or test vaccines by mimicking parts of viruses or bacteria
7. Biochemical Assays
- They can facilitate the characterization of enzyme activity, binding strength, or protein interactions in lab tests
Why Buy Active Proteins from AAA Biotech?
- High biological activity – Verified to perform as expected or indicated on datasheet
- Strict quality control – We are confident in our active proteins’ reliability and consistency
- High purity & low endotoxin – Ideal for applications involving sensitive or precious samples/components
- Freeze-dried for stability – Long shelf life and straightforward storage
- Mostly tag-free – Closer to natural/native protein form
FAQ
1. What are active proteins used for in research?
Active proteins are used primarily in the study of how proteins function, in characterizing/discovering drug interactions, supporting cell growth, running biochemical assays, and in development of diagnostics or therapeutics.
2. How are AAA Biotech's active proteins validated?
AAA Biotech’s active proteins are validated through strict quality control and functional assays to ensure they are properly folded and active. “Active”, though, can be an ambiguous term, so if a specific “activity” or “binding” capability of a protein is of crucial interest to you, please inquire with us prior to purchase, and we will provide further details on how the “Active” modifier was determined to be applicable.
3. Are these proteins tested for biological activity?
Yes, all active proteins from AAA Biotech are tested to confirm they have the expected biological activity before being offered for use. Though, said “biological activity” can be either “enzymatic”, “binding”, or both.