At AAA Biotech, we provide a broad range of purified polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) that are able to all be browsed online through our website. Due to their high specificity and strong binding affinity, these antibodies are ideal for wide swathes of research and experimental applications.
Our polyclonal antibodies can easily support your work, whether you use them for Western Blotting, Immunocytochemistry (with or without Immunofluorescence used in conjunction), Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, and ELISA tests. We highly encourage you to browse our range of pAbs and choose the one that best suits your experimental model.
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of KLH-SMCCA301 in C2C12 cells. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA, permeabilzed with 0.3% Triton X-100 in PBS,blocked with 10% serum, and incubated with rabbit anti-mouse KLH-SMCCA301 polyclonal antibody (dilution ratio 1:100) at 4? overnight. Then cells were stained with the Alexa Fluor488-conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue).Positive staining was localized to Cytoplasm.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Immunochemical staining of rat in rat heart with rabbit polyclonal antibody at 1:1000 dilution, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry-Paraffin) (Immunochemical staining of Mouse DES in Mouse stomach with rabbit polyclonal antibody at 1:1000 dilution, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Immunochemical staining of Mouse DES in Mouse heart with rabbit polyclonal antibody at 1:1000 dilution, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Immunochemical staining of human DES in human stomach with rabbit polyclonal antibody at 1:1000 dilution, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Immunochemical staining of human DES in human prostate with rabbit polyclonal antibody at 1:100 dilution, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Immunochemical staining of human DES in human heart with rabbit polyclonal antibody at 1:100 dilution, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections.)
WB (Western Blot) (Anti-Desmin rabbit polyclonal antibody at 1:500 dilutionLane A: Mouse heart tissue lysateLysates/proteins at 30 ug per lane.SecondaryGoat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L)/HRP at 1/10000 dilution.Developed using the ECL technique.Performed under reducing conditions.Predicted band size:53 kDaObserved band size:55 kDa)
WB (Western Blot) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human brain tissue reacted with PDIA6 Antibody (Center K159), which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of PDIA6 antibody (Center K159) in mouse stomach tissue lysates (35ug/lane). PDIA6 (arrow) was detected using the purified Pab.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of PDIA6 antibody (Center K159) in Y79 cell line lysates (35ug/lane). PDIA6 (arrow) was detected using the purified Pab.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from K562, HepG2, HT-1080, rat C6 cell line and human liver tissue lysate (from left to right), using PDIA6 Antibody (Center K159). AAA28792 was diluted at 1:1000 at each lane. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L(HRP) at 1:10000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody. Lysates at 35ug per lane.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded H. brain section using PDIA6 Antibody (Center K159). AAA28792 was diluted at 1:100 dilution. A peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG at 1:400 dilution was used as the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Fluorescent image of HepG2 cells stained with XAF1 PDIA6 Antibody (Center K159). AAA28792 was diluted at 1:100 dilution. An Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit lgG at 1:400 dilution was used as the secondary antibody (green). DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclear (blue). Cytoplasmic actin was counterstained with Alexa Fluor 555 conjugated with Phalloidin (red).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded H. liver section using PDIA6 Antibody (Center K159). AAA28792 was diluted at 1:100 dilution. A peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG at 1:400 dilution was used as the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry with Human Brain, cortex, senile plaque tissue at an antibody concentration of 5.0ug/ml using anti-TCF21 antibody)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. Immunofluorescence: 1/200 - 1/1000. ELISA: 1/20000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. Immunofluorescence: 1/200 - 1/1000. ELISA: 1/20000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. Immunofluorescence: 1/200 - 1/1000. ELISA: 1/20000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. Immunofluorescence: 1/200 - 1/1000. ELISA: 1/20000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. Immunofluorescence: 1/200 - 1/1000. ELISA: 1/20000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. Immunofluorescence: 1/200 - 1/1000. ELISA: 1/20000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. Immunofluorescence: 1/200 - 1/1000. ELISA: 1/20000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Figure 7. IHC analysis of FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 using anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 antibody (AAA19843).FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of mouse kidney tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 Antibody (AAA19843) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 Antibody (AAA19843) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with permeabilization buffer. The cells were blocked with 10% normal goat serum. And then incubated with rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 Antibody (AAA19843, 1ug/1x106 cells) for 30 min at 20 degree C. DyLight488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody for 30 minutes at 20 degree C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was rabbit IgG (1ug/1x106) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (Red line) was also used as a control.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Figure 5. IHC analysis of FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 using anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 antibody (AAA19843).FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human cortical adenoma tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 Antibody (AAA19843) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 5ug/mL rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 Antibody (AAA19843) overnight at 4 degree C. Cy3 Conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (BA1032) was used as secondary antibody at 1:500 dilution and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. Visualize using a fluorescence microscope and filter sets appropriate for the label used.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 4. IHC analysis of FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 using anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 antibody (AAA19843).FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 Antibody (AAA19843) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 Antibody (AAA19843) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 Antibody (AAA19843) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit (Lane 2: human Caco-2 whole cell lysates,Lane 3: human A431 whole cell lysates,Lane 4: human U-87MG whole cell lysates,Lane 5: rat C6 whole cell lysates,Lane 6: mouse NIH/3T3 whole cell lysates.After electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane at 150 mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% non-fat milk/TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody (#AAA19843) at 0.5ug/mL overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:5000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 at approximately 60 kDa. The expected band size for FOX2/RBM9/RBFOX2 is at 41 kDa.)
WB (Western Blot) (HSPA5/GRP78/BiP Antibody-HSPA5/GRP78/BiP antibody (0.3ug/ml) staining of Mouse Liver (A) and Testes (B) and (0.5ug/ml) Rat Brain (C) lysate (35ug protein in RIPA buffer). Detected by chemiluminescence.)
WB (Western Blot) (HSPA5/GRP78/BiP Antibody-HSPA5/GRP78/BiP antibody (1ug/ml) staining of HepG2 (A) and MCF7 (B) lysates (35ug protein in RIPA buffer).Detected by chemiluminescence.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (HSPA5/GRP78/BiP Antibody-HSPA5/GRP78/BiP antibody immunofluorescence analysis of paraformaldehyde fixed HeLa cells, permeabilized with 0.15% Triton. Primary incubation 1hr (5ug/ml) followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody (2ug/ml), showing cytoplasmic staining. The nuclear stain is DAPI (blue). Negative control: Unimmunized goat IgG (10ug/ml) followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody (2ug/ml).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human esophageal cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human colorectal cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human colorectal cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human mammary cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human kidney cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human kidney cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human mammary cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining aaaaaa by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human lung cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-DUSP1/MKP1 (Ser359) in lysates of HeLa ALLN, using Phospho-DUSP1/MKP1 (Ser359) Antibody(AF4416).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa, using Phospho-DUSP1/MKP1 (Ser359) Antibody. Lane1 was treated with phospho-blocking peptide, Lane2 was treated with non-phospho-blocking peptide.)
Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Peptide ELISA (EIA)
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer using HSPA9 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human vermiform appendix using HSPA9 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma using HSPA9 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer using HSPA9 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human liver using HSPA9 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer using HSPA9 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat kidney using HSPA9 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat ovary using HSPA9 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using HSPA9 antibody at 1:500 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis using Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507). Tissue: Cell lysates. Species: Human. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507) at 1:500, 1:5000. Beta Amyloid HEPES-NaCl aggregation, showing 1:500 (L) and 1:5000 (R) time lapse dot blot.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis using Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507). Tissue: Abeta42 fibrils and prefibrillar oligomers. Species: Human. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507) at 1:1000. Courtesy of: Kayed, R., Head, E., Thompson, J. L., McIntire, T. M., Milton, S. C., Cotman, C. W., et al. (2003). Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489. doi: 10.1126/science.1079469.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis using Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507). Tissue: Alzheimer's Disease brain. Species: Human. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507) at 1:100. Showing no Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) cross-reactivity (L), but when conducted with monoclonal 6E10 (R) shows considerable APP cross-reactivity. Courtesy of: Kayed, R., Head, E., Thompson, J. L., McIntire, T. M., Milton, S. C., Cotman, C. W., et al. (2003). Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489. doi: 10.1126/science.1079469.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Human Abeta42 fibrils and prefibrillar oligomers showing detection of Amyloid Fibrils (OC) protein using Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507). Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507) at 1:1000. Courtesy of: Kayed, R., Head, E., Thompson, J. L., McIntire, T. M., Milton, S. C., Cotman, C. W., et al. (2003). Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489. doi: 10.1126/science.1079469.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis using Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507). Tissue: Alzheimer's Disease brain. Species: Human. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-Amyloid Fibrils (OC) Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-507) at 1:100. Extensive OC labeling was observed in the hippocampus (A), subiculum (B) and frontal cortex (C) in Alzheimer disease. A higher magnification image illustrates that OC positive deposits were dense and consisted of fine fibrillar material (D). Courtesy of: Kayed, R., Head, E., Thompson, J. L., McIntire, T. M., Milton, S. C., Cotman, C. W., et al. (2003). Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489. doi: 10.1126/science.1079469.)
FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Figure 8. Flow Cytometry analysis of MCF-7 cells using anti-PAPSS2 antibody (AAA19850).Overlay histogram showing MCF-7 cells stained with AAA19850 (Blue line). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with permeabilization buffer. The cells were blocked with 10% normal goat serum. And then incubated with rabbit anti-PAPSS2 Antibody (AAA19850, 1ug/1x106 cells) for 30 min at 20 degree C. DyLight488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody for 30 minutes at 20 degree C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was rabbit IgG (1ug/1x106) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (Red line) was also used as a control.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 7. IF analysis of PAPSS2 using anti-PAPSS2 antibody (AAA19850).PAPSS2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human lung adenocarcinoma tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/mL rabbit anti-PAPSS2 Antibody (AAA19850) overnight at 4 degree C. Cy3 Conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (BA1032) was used as secondary antibody at 1:500 dilution and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The section was counterstained with DAPI. Visualize using a fluorescence microscope and filter sets appropriate for the label used.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 6. IF analysis of PAPSS2 using anti-PAPSS2 antibody (AAA19850).PAPSS2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human liver cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/mL rabbit anti-PAPSS2 Antibody (AAA19850) overnight at 4 degree C. Cy3 Conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (BA1032) was used as secondary antibody at 1:500 dilution and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The section was counterstained with DAPI. Visualize using a fluorescence microscope and filter sets appropriate for the label used.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 5. IHC analysis of PAPSS2 using anti-PAPSS2 antibody (AAA19850).PAPSS2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-PAPSS2 Antibody (AAA19850) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-PAPSS2 Antibody (AAA19850) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-PAPSS2 Antibody (AAA19850) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-PAPSS2 Antibody (AAA19850) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit (Lane 2: rat liver tissue lysates,Lane 3: rat kidney tissue lysates,Lane 4: mouse liver tissue lysates,Lane 5: mouse kidney tissue lysates.After electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane at 150 mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% non-fat milk/TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-PAPSS2 antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody (#AAA19850) at 0.5ug/mL overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:5000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for PAPSS2 at approximately 70 kDa. The expected band size for PAPSS2 is at 70 kDa.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human stomach using MAPK8 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human prostate using MAPK8 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human colon using MAPK8 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer using MAPK8 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human gastric cancer using MAPK8 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using MAPK8 antibody at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Enhanced Kit.Exposure time: 30s.)
FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Figure 10. Flow Cytometry analysis of SiHa cells using anti-MLST8 antibody (AAA19842).Overlay histogram showing SiHa cells stained with AAA19842 (Blue line). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with permeabilization buffer. The cells were blocked with 10% normal goat serum. And then incubated with rabbit anti-MLST8 Antibody (AAA19842, 1ug/1x106 cells) for 30 min at 20 degree C. DyLight488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody for 30 minutes at 20 degree C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was rabbit IgG (1ug/1x106) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (Red line) was also used as a control.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 9. IF analysis of MLST8 using anti-MLST8 antibody (AAA19842).MLST8 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 5ug/mL rabbit anti-MLST8 Antibody (AAA19842) overnight at 4 degree C. Cy3 Conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (BA1032) was used as secondary antibody at 1:500 dilution and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The section was counterstained with DAPI. Visualize using a fluorescence microscope and filter sets appropriate for the label used.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 8. IF analysis of MLST8 using anti-MLST8 antibody (AAA19842).MLST8 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human intestinal cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 5ug/mL rabbit anti-MLST8 Antibody (AAA19842) overnight at 4 degree C. Cy3 Conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (BA1032) was used as secondary antibody at 1:500 dilution and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The section was counterstained with DAPI. Visualize using a fluorescence microscope and filter sets appropriate for the label used.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 7. IF analysis of MLST8 using anti-MLST8 antibody (AAA19842) and anti-Beta Tubulin antibody (M01857-3).MLST8 was detected in immunocytochemical section of U2OS cell. Enzyme antigen retrieval was performed using IHC enzyme antigen retrieval reagent ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-MLST8 Antibody (AAA19842) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-MLST8 Antibody (AAA19842) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-MLST8 Antibody (AAA19842) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-MLST8 Antibody (AAA19842) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-MLST8 Antibody (AAA19842) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit (Lane 2: rat kidney tissue lysates,Lane 3: mouse kidney tissue lysates.After electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane at 150 mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% non-fat milk/TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-MLST8 antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody (#AAA19842) at 0.5ug/mL overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:5000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for MLST8 at approximately 36 kDa. The expected band size for MLST8 is at 36 kDa.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse kidney using C9orf72 Rabbit pAb (AAA28290) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human esophageal cancer using C9orf72 Rabbit pAb (AAA28290) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens))
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat kidney using C9orf72Rabbit pAb (AAA28290) at dilution of 1:100 (40xlens).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of Rat brain, using C9orf72 antibody (AAA28290) at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST. Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020).Exposure time: 180s.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using C9orf72 antibody (AAA28290) at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane. Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020). Exposure time: 90s)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of mouse kidney, using C9orf72 antibody (AAA28290) at 1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 90s.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse brain using MCL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse liver using MCL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human gastric cancer using MCL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human stomach using MCL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human prostate using MCL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer using MCL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse kidney using MCL1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using MCL1 antibody at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 30s.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells, untreated (left) or anisomycin-treated (right), using AAA14726 (green). Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor® 555 phalloidin (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5™ (fluorescent DNA dye).)
FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Flow cytometric analysis of HeLa cells, untreated (blue) or UV-treated (green), using AAA14726)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of frozen H1650 xenograft using AAA14726)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human melanoma using AAA14726)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma using AAA14726)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa and PC12 cells, treated with λ-phosphatase or UV as indicated, using AAA14726)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DCN/Decorin Antibody-1:100 staining human uterus tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (DCN/Decorin Antibody-Western blot analysis of mouse liver tissue lysates (30ug per lane) using DCN antibody. The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (DCN/Decorin Antibody-Western blot analysis of extracts of rat muscle using DCN antibody.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (DCN/Decorin Antibody-Staining HepG2 cells by IF/ICC. The samples were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 min at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1:200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) antibody, diluted at 1/600, was used as secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. IHC-p: 1:100-1:300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry Analysis: Representative lot data. (Fig. 1 and 2) Paraffin-embedded mouse and human brain tissue was prepared using heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Immunostaining was performed using a 1:100 dilution of AAA14728. Reactivity was detected using the IHC-Select Detection Kit. Staining pattern appears as cytoplasmic. (Fig. 3 and 4) Paraffin-embedded mouse and mouse olfactory lobe and cerebellum brain tissue was prepared using heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Immunostaining was performed using a Chicken IgY Antibody 1:100 dilution of Cat. No. AB15894, anti-Tbr2. Reactivity was detected using the IHC-Select Detection Kit . Immunoreactivity seen here is mostly nuclear.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis in paraffin-embedded mouse cerebellum was prepared using epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Staining was performed using 1:100 dilution of AAA14728. Immuno- reactivity is mostly nuclear.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis in paraffin-embedded mouse olfactory lobe was prepared using epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Staining was performed using a 1:100 dilution of AAA14728. Reactivity is mostly nuclear.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis in paraffin-embedded human brain tissue was prepared using heat- induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Immunostaining was performed using a 1:100 dilution of AAA14728. Staining pattern appears as cytoplasmic.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis in paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue was prepared using heat- induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Immunostaining was performed using a 1:100 dilution of AAA14728. Staining pattern appears as cytoplasmic.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot Analysis: Representative lot data. E13-14 mouse brain lysate was resolved by electrophoresis, transferred to PVDF membranes and probed with AAA14728 (1:10,000). Proteins were visualized using a Rabbit Anti-Chicken conjugated to HRP and a chemi- luminescence detection system. Arrow indicates EOMES (~73kD).)
FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Figure 6. Flow Cytometry analysis of PC-3 cells using anti-ATG14L antibody (AAA11658).Overlay histogram showing PC-3 cells stained with AAA11658 (Blue line).The cells were blocked with 10% normal goat serum. And then incubated with rabbit anti-ATG14L Antibody (AAA11658,1ug/1x10^6 cells) for 30 min at 20 degree C. DyLight®488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (5-10ug/1x10^6 cells) was used as secondary antibody for 30 minutes at 20 degree C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was rabbit IgG (1ug/1x106) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (Red line) was also used as a control.)
FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Figure 5. Flow Cytometry analysis of A431 cells using anti-ATG14L antibody (AAA11658).Overlay histogram showing A431 cells stained with AAA11658 (Blue line).The cells were blocked with 10% normal goat serum. And then incubated with rabbit anti-ATG14L Antibody (AAA11658,1ug/1x10^6 cells) for 30 min at 20 degree C. DyLight®488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (5-10ug/1x10^6 cells) was used as secondary antibody for 30 minutes at 20 degree C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was rabbit IgG (1ug/1x106) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (Red line) was also used as a control.)
FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Figure 4. Flow Cytometry analysis of SiHa cells using anti-ATG14L antibody (AAA11658).Overlay histogram showing SiHa cells stained with AAA11658 (Blue line).The cells were blocked with 10% normal goat serum. And then incubated with rabbit anti-ATG14L Antibody (AAA11658,1ug/1x10^6 cells) for 30 min at 20 degree C. DyLight®488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (5-10ug/1x10^6 cells) was used as secondary antibody for 30 minutes at 20 degree C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was rabbit IgG (1ug/1x106) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (Red line) was also used as a control.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 3. IHC analysis of ATG14L using anti-ATG14L antibody (AAA11658). ATG14L was detected in paraffin-embedded section of Human Lung Cancer Tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution) for 20 mins. The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 1ug/ml rabbit anti-ATG14L Antibody (AAA11658) overnight at 4 degree C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) with DAB as the chromogen.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 2. IHC analysis of ATG14L using anti-ATG14L antibody (AAA11658). ATG14L was detected in paraffin-embedded section of Rat Spleen Tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution) for 20 mins. The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 1ug/ml rabbit anti-ATG14L Antibody (AAA11658) overnight at 4 degree C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) with DAB as the chromogen.)
WB (Western Blot) (Figure 1. Western blot analysis of ATG14L using anti-ATG14L antibody (AAA11658). Electrophoresis was performed on a 5-20% SDS-PAGE gel at 70V (Stacking gel) / 90V (Resolving gel) for 2-3 hours. The sample well of each lane was loaded with 50ug of sample under reducing conditions. Lane 1: Rat Brain Tissue Lysate, Lane 2: HELA Whole Cell Lysate. After Electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a Nitrocellulose membrane at 150mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% Non-fat Milk/ TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-ATG14L antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody at 0.5ug/mL overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:10000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for ATG14L at approximately 59KD. The expected band size for ATG14L is at 59KD.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Dilution: IF: 1:50-200 Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (At 25 degree C. Samples were then incubated with primary Ab(At 37 degree C. An AlexaFluor594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG(H+L) Ab(Red) and an AlexaFluor488 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG(H+L) Ab(Green) were used as the secondary antibody.The nuclear counter stain is DAPI(blue).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human gastric cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissues by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human colorectal cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human colorectal cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Human mammary cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Mouse liver tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Mouse lung tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Mouse kidney tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (At 1/100 staining Mouse brain tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Mouse testis tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Mouse ovarian tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (At 1/100 staining Rat heart tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Rat liver tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Rat spleen tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (At 1/100 staining Rat colorectal tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Staining Rat testis tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4 degree C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from C6, using Phospho-Akt (Ser124) Antibody. Lane1 was treated with phospho-blocking peptide, Lane2 was treated with non-phospho-blocking peptide.)
Human, Mouse, Rat Predicted Reactivity: Pig (91%), Bovine (82%), Horse (100%), Dog (100%), Chicken (100%)
Applications
Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Peptide ELISA (EIA)
Purity
The antibody is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Cow, Dog, Guinea Pig, Horse, Human, Mouse, Rabbit, Rat, Zebrafish
Applications
Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blot (WB)
Purity
Affinity Purified
Pricing
Sandwich ELISA (Plate was coated with Glargine Insulin at 1.25 ug/ml in PBS, and then incubated with Anti-Glargine Insulin polyclonal antibody from 0.001 ug/ml to 0.5 ug/ml. The secondary antibody, HRP conjugated goat anti-Guinea pig IgG, were used at 1:6000 dilution.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Figure 11. Flow Cytometry analysis of 293T cells using anti-NVL antibody (AAA19846).Overlay histogram showing 293T cells stained with AAA19846 (Blue line). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with permeabilization buffer. The cells were blocked with 10% normal goat serum. And then incubated with rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846, 1ug/1x106 cells) for 30 min at 20 degree C. DyLight488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (BA1127, 5-10ug/1x106 cells) was used as secondary antibody for 30 minutes at 20 degree C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was rabbit IgG (1ug/1x106) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (Red line) was also used as a control.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 10. IF analysis of NVL using anti-NVL antibody (AAA19846) and anti-Beta Tubulin antibody (M01857-3).NVL was detected in immunocytochemical section of U2OS cell. Enzyme antigen retrieval was performed using IHC enzyme antigen retrieval reagent ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NVL Antibody (AAA19846) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit (Lane 2: human K562 whole cell lysates.After electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane at 150 mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% non-fat milk/TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-NVL antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody (#AAA19846) at 0.5ug/mL overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:5000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for NVL at approximately 95 kDa. The expected band size for NVL is at 95 kDa.)
FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Figure 6. Flow Cytometry analysis of A549 cells using anti-NIT2 antibody (AAA19853).Overlay histogram showing A549 cells stained with AAA19853 (Blue line). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with permeabilization buffer. The cells were blocked with 10% normal goat serum. And then incubated with rabbit anti-NIT2 Antibody (AAA19853, 1ug/1x106 cells) for 30 min at 20 degree C. DyLight488 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody for 30 minutes at 20 degree C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was rabbit IgG (1ug/1x106) used under the same conditions. Unlabelled sample (Red line) was also used as a control.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 5. IHC analysis of NIT2 using anti-NIT2 antibody (AAA19853).NIT2 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of rat kidney tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH 8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NIT2 Antibody (AAA19853) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NIT2 Antibody (AAA19853) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NIT2 Antibody (AAA19853) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit ( epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2ug/ml rabbit anti-NIT2 Antibody (AAA19853) overnight at 4 degree C. Peroxidase Conjugated Goat Anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG Super Vision Assay Kit (Lane 2: rat liver tissue lysates,Lane 3: rat kidney tissue lysates.After electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane at 150 mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% non-fat milk/TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-NIT2 antigen affinity purified polyclonal antibody (#AAA19853) at 0.5ug/mL overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:5000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for NIT2 at approximately 33 kDa. The expected band size for NIT2 is at 33 kDa.)
Polyclonal antibodies are antibodies that come from multiple B cell clones of a host animal. The typical hosts used for the majority of polyclonal antibody production are rabbits, goats, sheep, and donkeys. These polyclonal antibodies, once having identified their target, will bind to different epitopes located at different regions or sequences on the same protein/antigen. As a result, they are ideal at locating and binding to the target, even if the target is in very low concentrations (due to many different antibodies being able to bind to the same target molecule, which allows for significant amplification of a downstream signal).
Polyclonal antibodies are typically produced by injecting an antigen into a host animal, which causes the animal’s immune system to attack the foreign antigen by mass generating antibodies against it. After a period of time, serum is collected from the animal and purified using physicochemical fractionation, class-specific affinity purification, and/or antigen-affinity purification.
Key Uses of Polyclonal Antibodies
Western Blotting: This method is used to find specific proteins in biological samples after separating them by size.
Immunohistochemistry: IHC helps visualize the location of proteins in tissue sections using various staining techniques.
ELISA: (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is typically used to identify specific protein quantities in a sample. ELISAs can be either “Quantitative” or “Qualitative”.
Flow Cytometry: technique that identifies and measures the specific protein on the surface or inside the cells in a fluid suspension.
Immunoprecipitation: IP isolates and studies a specific protein from a complex mixture using antibodies.
Why Buy Polyclonal Antibodies from AAA Biotech?
1. Ideal for Various Applications
Our antibodies are generally going to be validated for use in multiple types of assays, including ELISA, Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, amongst others. They are ideal for a wide range of research applications.
2. Rigorous Quality Control
All of the antibodies in our catalog undergo strict quality testing to ensure specificity, sensitivity, and consistent performance. We are confident in the ability of our antibodies to provide you with accurate results.
3. Wide Assortment of Antibodies
Antibodies in are catalog can be found for both common and exotic species, and these antibodies are also available in both conjugated and recombinant forms to suit many diverse experimental needs.
4. Highly Purified
Our antibodies are available in purified forms with over 85% purity, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE. They are also available with tags such as His, Flag, GST, or MBP. We cater to customers worldwide.
FAQ
1. How are polyclonal antibodies produced?
Traditionally, polyclonal antibodies are produced by injecting an antigen into a host animal (such as a rabbit or goat), which then triggers an immune response from the host animal. The animal’s B cells produce antibodies that will recognize different parts of the injected antigen. These antibodies are then collected from the animal’s blood and purified for use.
2. How do polyclonal antibodies differ from monoclonal antibodies?
Polyclonal antibodies are a mix of antibodies that bind to different locations (epitopes) of the same antigen, while monoclonal antibodies are identical and bind to just one specific epitope. This makes polyclonal antibodies more versatile and better at detecting proteins that may be present in low quantities or in altered/modified forms.
3. How should I store polyclonal antibodies?
Polyclonal antibodies should be stored at 4°C for short-term use (up to a few weeks) and at -20°C or -80°C for long-term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles by dividing them into small aliquots. Always check the datasheet for specific storage instructions.
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