Cynthia's Blogs
Advanced Protein Purification Methods for Recombinant Biologics
Key Takeaways
Cost Driver: Downstream processing accounts for ~75 % of biomanufacturing costs, making purification optimization a financial imperative.
Purity Mandate: Regulatory...
Western Blot Guide: Steps, Uses & Key Role in Research
Key Takeaways
The Western blot is the gold standard for identifying specific proteins using an antibody-antigen interaction.
The technique involves three core...
Understanding Antibody Glycosylation, Its Types, Importance & More
Biological medicines, particularly monoclonal
antibodies (mAbs), represent one of the fastest-growing and most
revolutionary classes of biomedical research, offering lifelines against chronic
diseases,...
Antibody Fragments Explained: Types, Production, and Purification Methods
Key Takeaways
Antibody fragments are smaller, engineered versions of full antibodies that retain target specificity.Antibody fragments are smaller, engineered versions of...
A Comprehensive Guide to ELISA Sensitivity and Specificity
Key Takeaways
Sensitivity in ELISA is critical for demonstrating the extent of true positives.
Specificity is used to measure the extent to...
Mitigating Cross-Reactivity In Antibody Testing: Precise Strategies For Reliable Results
Key Takeaways
Cross-reactivity in antibody testing is caused by unintended binding to chemically or structurally similar antigens, undermining assay and diagnostic...
Colorimetric vs Fluorometric ELISA: Which Detection Method is Better?
The detection method is a major choice when it comes to designing an ELISA. Two
commonly used methods are colorimetric and...
Bispecific Antibodies: What They Are and Their Applications
Key Takeaways
Bispecific antibodies enable a single molecule to bind two different targets
at once (compared to a traditional antibody that can...
Common ELISA Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) are one of the most useful tools in
life science research due to their sensitivity and specificity....
How to Design an ELISA Experiment: Step-by-Step Guide
Key Takeaways
ELISA experiment design demands precision throughout, from antibody pair
selection to sample prep and signal detection.
Sandwich ELISA offers the highest...
Sandwich ELISA Explained: Principle, Protocols, and Best Practices
Key TakeawaysSandwich ELISA is a highly specific and sensitive protein quantification method utilizing two antibodies that bind to different epitopes...
All Types of Antibody Isotypes Explained: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD
Key Takeaways
IgG is the most abundant, long-lasting antibody isotype. Also, it is able
to cross the placenta for facilitating fetal...
Direct ELISA Vs Indirect ELISA: When to Use Each Method
Key Takeaways
Direct ELISA uses one labeled primary antibody; Indirect ELISA uses a
primary + reporter-labeled secondary antibody.
Direct ELISA: faster, simpler, lower...
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA): Meaning, Test, and What Results Show
Summary Box
ANA (Antinuclear Antibodies) are autoantibodies targeting cell nuclei,
central to autoimmune disease diagnostics.
Multiple subtypes (e.g., anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro, anti-Scl-70) correlate with
different...
